目前黃瓜生產中所見的肥害有三種:一是施用速效氮肥過多,土壤濃度過大;二是使用磷肥過多;三是施用未經腐熟的秸稈肥、鋸末、麥糠,或肥料與土搬拌合不勻。
1. 氮肥過多 氮(dan)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo)使(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),從(cong)地(di)上(shang)部(bu)分(fen)看(kan)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)缺(que)鈣(gai)症(zheng)狀(zhuang),即(ji)葉(ye)鑲(xiang)金(jin)邊(bian),褪(tui)綠(lv)呈(cheng)黃(huang)色(se),但(dan)不(bu)多(duo)腐(fu)爛(lan)。從(cong)根(gen)部(bu)看(kan),根(gen)的(de)顏(yan)色(se)變(bian)褐(he),根(gen)尖(jian)齊(qi)鈍(dun)。田(tian)間(jian)還(hai)可(ke)見(jian)到(dao)單(dan)株(zhu)施(shi)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo),植(zhi)株(zhu)呈(cheng)現(xian)急(ji)速(su)凋(diao)萎(wei)青(qing)枯(ku)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。目(mu)前(qian)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)所(suo)見(jian)是(shi)秋(qiu)冬(dong)茬(cha)黃(huang)瓜(gua)采(cai)用(yong)冬(dong)春(chun)茬(cha)“大肥、大水”的管法時,因為肥害造成由底部葉向上迅速黃化,大量發生細腰瓜等。
2. 磷肥過多 磷(lin)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo)有(you)時(shi)在(zai)苗(miao)床(chuang),有(you)時(shi)在(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)後(hou),多(duo)在(zai)結(jie)瓜(gua)前(qian),突(tu)然(ran)間(jian)新(xin)生(sheng)葉(ye)從(cong)尖(jian)端(duan)局(ju)部(bu)或(huo)大(da)部(bu)葉(ye)呈(cheng)黃(huang)化(hua),但(dan)無(wu)腐(fu)爛(lan)幹(gan)枯(ku)狀(zhuang),抓(zhua)緊(jin)澆(jiao)水(shui)即(ji)可(ke)解(jie)救(jiu),如(ru)同(tong)時(shi)噴(pen)用(yong)“綠勃康”,可加速症狀的消失。多磷還導致黃瓜的瓜皮發硬。
3. 肥燒 肥燒在下列情況下發生,一是施入大量未經腐熟的秸稈肥、鋸末、麥糠、稻dao殼ke,這zhe些xie原yuan料liao會hui在zai土tu壤rang中zhong進jin一yi步bu發fa酵jiao。在zai這zhe一yi過guo程cheng中zhong,或huo發fa熱re發fa燒shao,或huo大da量liang占zhan用yong土tu壤rang中zhong的de速su效xiao氮dan而er使shi植zhi株zhu黃huang瘦shou細xi弱ruo。遇yu有you此ci種zhong情qing況kuang應ying抓zhua緊jin澆jiao水shui或huo結jie合he澆jiao水shui補bu入ru速su成cheng效xiao氮dan肥fei;二是施入土壤中的圈肥、餅肥、huafeiliangdaqiemeiyouyutuchongfenhunyun,danghuangguagenshendaofeiliaojizhongchuzehuizaochengshaogen。haiyoudekaigouhuokaixuebafeiliaoshirugenbu,yeyizaochengshaogen。beifeishaoshanggenduiyingdedishangbufenchangyouyeyuangankuhuoyepiandiaoweidexianxiangfasheng。yuyoucizhongqingkuangyeyijiaoshuihuanjie。lingwai,zaiguoliangshiyongjiqinfendewenshiyechangyijiandaozhizhushengchanghuanman,yepiannonglv,zhousuodengxianxiang。
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