番茄晚疫病是一種低溫高濕型病害,棚室氣溫白天在22~24℃,夜間在10~13℃,空氣相對濕度在80%以上即可侵染植株,尤其是在連陰雨、光(guang)照(zhao)弱(ruo)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)更(geng)易(yi)發(fa)病(bing)流(liu)行(xing)。當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)省(sheng)冬(dong)春(chun)和(he)早(zao)春(chun)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)苗(miao)期(qi),低(di)溫(wen)期(qi)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)危(wei)害(hai),需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)關(guan)注(zhu),查(zha)見(jian)病(bing)株(zhu)後(hou)及(ji)早(zao)用(yong)藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)。
據了解,番茄晚疫病又稱番茄疫病,葉、莖、guojunkeshouhai,yiyepianheqingguoshouhaiyanzhong。yebushouhaiyibanxiancongzhongxiabuyepiandeyejianhuoyeyuankaishi,yihouzhujianxiangshangbuyepianheguoshimanyan,chuqiweianlvsebuguizexingshuizizhuangbingban,bingjianjiaojiechuwumingxianjiexian。kongqichaoshishiyifasheng,bingqiebingbanhuixunsukuozhan,yebeibingbanbianyuankejianyicengbaisemeiceng。kongqiganzaoshibingbanlvhese,jierbiananhesebingzhujianganku。jingganshouhai,bingbushuizizhuang,shaoxiangxiaaoxian,houbianchenghese,bingjingzuzhibianruan,zhizhuweinian,yanzhongdebingbuzheduan,zaochengjingyekusi。guoshishouhai,duocongqingguojinguobingchudeguomiankaishifabing,bingbanchengbumingxiandeyouzizhuangdaban,zhujianxiangsizhoufazhan,houqizhujianbianweishenhese,bingbanshaoaoxian,bingguozhiyingburuanfu,zhouyuanbubianhong,chaoshishibingbanbiaomianchanshengyicengbaisemeizhuangwu。guoshicaishouhouzaichuzang、運輸、銷售期間會繼續受害,大量毀壞。
番(fan)茄(qie)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)由(you)疫(yi)黴(mei)屬(shu)真(zhen)菌(jun)侵(qin)染(ran)引(yin)起(qi),病(bing)菌(jun)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)及(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)塊(kuai)莖(jing)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong),借(jie)氣(qi)流(liu)或(huo)雨(yu)水(shui)傳(chuan)播(bo)到(dao)番(fan)茄(qie)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang)侵(qin)染(ran)發(fa)病(bing)。該(gai)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)和(he)流(liu)行(xing)受(shou)品(pin)種(zhong)、病菌基數和氣象條件的影響較大,其中以氣象條件為主,一旦條件合適很快會大流行。目前我省栽培較多的合作903、朝研219、金棚1號、R-304、浙粉202、蘇粉8號、蘇粉9號、江蔬14號(hao)等(deng)品(pin)種(zhong)不(bu)抗(kang)病(bing),這(zhe)是(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)番(fan)茄(qie)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)發(fa)病(bing)較(jiao)重(zhong)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)。另(ling)外(wai),該(gai)病(bing)在(zai)霜(shuang)凍(dong)過(guo)後(hou)仍(reng)能(neng)大(da)量(liang)發(fa)生(sheng),霜(shuang)化(hua)時(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)水(shui)膜(mo)及(ji)凍(dong)害(hai)造(zao)成(cheng)傷(shang)口(kou)有(you)利(li)於(yu)病(bing)菌(jun)侵(qin)入(ru),霜(shuang)凍(dong)過(guo)後(hou)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)更(geng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。
目前,對番茄晚疫病的主要控製水段仍然是藥劑防治。自發病初期起,選用抑快淨52.5%惡酮·霜脲氰可濕性粉劑2000倍液,或50%烯酰·乙磷鋁可濕性粉劑600倍液,或克露72%霜脲·錳鋅可濕性粉劑600倍液,或阿米西達250克/升嘧菌酯懸浮劑1500倍液噴霧,每隔7~10天一次,連續防治3~4次,可以有效控製該病危害。此外,通過合理輪作,選用抗病品種,對種子和苗床消毒,加強栽培管理等措施可以減輕危害。
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