蔬shu菜cai的de細xi菌jun病bing幾ji乎hu每mei種zhong蔬shu菜cai都dou有you發fa生sheng,各ge種zhong科ke技ji資zi料liao都dou有you防fang治zhi方fang法fa介jie紹shao,因yin為wei方fang法fa太tai多duo菜cai農nong多duo難nan以yi記ji憶yi難nan以yi適shi從cong。怎zen樣yang從cong眾zhong多duo的de防fang治zhi方fang法fa中zhong選xuan出chu最zui有you效xiao的de方fang法fa,是shi大da家jia的de希xi望wang。這zhe就jiu需xu要yao從cong細xi菌jun病bing的de共gong性xing中zhong去qu探tan討tao去qu分fen析xi。
蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)細(xi)菌(jun)病(bing)無(wu)一(yi)例(li)外(wai)都(dou)屬(shu)杆(gan)菌(jun)。所(suo)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)素(su)農(nong)藥(yao)要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)鏈(lian)黴(mei)素(su)。鏈(lian)黴(mei)素(su)對(dui)杆(gan)菌(jun)效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao)這(zhe)是(shi)規(gui)律(lv),而(er)不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)青(qing)黴(mei)素(su)。因(yin)青(qing)黴(mei)素(su)對(dui)球(qiu)菌(jun)效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao),對(dui)杆(gan)菌(jun)無(wu)效(xiao)。另(ling)外(wai)使(shi)用(yong)春(chun)雷(lei)黴(mei)素(su)、中生黴素、新植黴素、水合黴素也很有效。其中新植黴素是由鏈黴素與土黴素混成,使用防治蔬菜細菌病可避免抗性產生。
為害蔬菜的細菌都是單細胞微生物,其體形小,體壁薄,遇到重金屬離子會“變性”,即ji發fa生sheng質zhi的de變bian化hua,會hui很hen快kuai導dao致zhi細xi菌jun死si亡wang。所suo以yi殺sha滅mie細xi菌jun使shi用yong銅tong製zhi劑ji是shi首shou選xuan。銅tong製zhi劑ji種zhong類lei多duo,波bo爾er多duo液ye是shi最zui老lao的de品pin種zhong,屬shu氫qing氯lv化hua銅tong的de可ke殺sha得de、豐護安、冠菌銅,屬氧氯化銅的王銅、jiaruinongdoushihenhaodetongzhiji,shuyujianshiliusuantongdetonggaoshang,shuyueryuantongdehujiaofeisuantongdoushi。yongtongzhijishaxijun,zaishiyongnongduhendideqingkuangxia,renghuiyouhenhaodexiaoguo。tongzhijinongyaoshiyongshuomingzhongdenongduduoshizhendui“真菌”而定的,在專用以防治細菌時可適當降低,如說明書中為600倍時則可用1000倍左右,其效果不減卻避免了藥害。這在豆科蔬菜上防細菌時顯得非常重要,因芸豆、架豆王、油豆、豆角等豆科蔬菜,常因銅製劑使用(按說明書)濃度高而發生藥害,使葉子硬、生黑小點、莢果上生小黑斑,“又黑又亮、擦不掉、不腐爛、稍凹陷”的就是。把濃度降低些,就解決了產生藥害的問題,但對細菌病的效果依然良好。這不失為既防了細菌病又能避免藥害的好辦法。
細菌病都是由蔬菜傷口和氣孔、水孔侵入。所以要注意對蔬菜造成微傷口的一些管理環節:如西葫蘆葉柄長、yezida,ruguodapengguanlizhongfangdifengyushangbufangfengtongshijinxinghuizaochengyepianhuangdong,jiushizhezhongyuanyinzaochengde。xijunxingruanfushiyebingjibuxingchengliekou,ruanfuxijunkechengjierru。xihuluchangyouxijunxingruanfubingbaofa,congyebingjibufulan,yinqijingfulan,zhizhusiwang,sunshihenda。suoyiyaozhuyixihulufangfengdefangshi,jinliangjianshaohuangdonghuozaopenyongtongzhijiyufangshangkoufabingshifeichangzhongyaode,pingshizaicaitiancaozuoyeyingzhuyijianshaoyushucaijing、葉、果的磨擦,意在避免產生傷口,引發病害。在細菌病已發生的田塊裏尤應注意。
細菌病的侵入和傳播都需要水的存在,所以澆水、下雨、常使細菌病發生趨向嚴重,葉片“吐水”,棚室中蔬菜葉片、莖稈結露會增加細菌入侵機會,傷口、zirankongkoufabingyeduoshishuidecunzaiweixijuntigongletiaojian。qicishiwenduyingxiang,zaijiaogaodewendutiaojianxiaxijunfanyankuai,binghaiduofa。ruxianzaizhengchuxiaqiujijie,tianqireyouduoyu,zhejiuhenxuyaoduixijunbingyanjiafangfanle。
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