眼(yan)下(xia),大(da)棚(peng)越(yue)冬(dong)茬(cha)和(he)春(chun)茬(cha)蔬(shu)菜(cai)到(dao)了(le)生(sheng)長(chang)末(mo)期(qi),菜(cai)農(nong)紛(fen)紛(fen)開(kai)始(shi)拔(ba)園(yuan)。但(dan)記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)采(cai)訪(fang)時(shi)發(fa)現(xian),很(hen)多(duo)菜(cai)農(nong)為(wei)了(le)圖(tu)一(yi)時(shi)方(fang)便(bian),拔(ba)園(yuan)而(er)不(bu)清(qing)園(yuan),有(you)的(de)菜(cai)農(nong)甚(shen)至(zhi)僅(jin)僅(jin)割(ge)斷(duan)了(le)棵(ke)子(zi),將(jiang)大(da)量(liang)根(gen)係(xi)留(liu)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong),這(zhe)違(wei)背(bei)了(le)“清潔田園”預防病蟲害的宗旨。
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記ji者zhe認ren為wei,拔ba園yuan不bu清qing園yuan對dui於yu病bing蟲chong防fang治zhi來lai說shuo是shi一yi個ge很hen大da的de失shi誤wu。像xiang劉liu師shi傅fu這zhe樣yang為wei了le圖tu一yi時shi輕qing便bian,等deng棵ke子zi幹gan燥zao後hou再zai清qing理li出chu園yuan,使shi得de紅hong蜘zhi蛛zhu等deng病bing蟲chong害hai有you充chong足zu的de時shi間jian藏zang匿ni或huo者zhe產chan卵luan休xiu眠mian,成cheng蟲chong、卵等落到地麵上或進入土壤中,增加了防治難度,給下一茬蔬菜管理埋下了隱患。當然,不僅僅是紅蜘蛛這一種害蟲,近幾年白粉虱、薊馬等小型害蟲以及各種病害,都會在遇到高溫等惡劣環境時選擇潛入土壤或產生孢子,提高對惡劣環境的抵抗能力。
正確的做法應是:拔園後立即將棵子清理出棚,並把棚內地膜、雜草等全部清理幹淨,然後利用高溫悶棚或藥劑熏蒸,最大限度地殺滅病原,將病蟲基數降到最小,減輕對下一茬蔬菜的威脅。
在(zai)拔(ba)園(yuan)時(shi)還(hai)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu),就(jiu)是(shi)有(you)些(xie)菜(cai)農(nong)為(wei)了(le)方(fang)便(bian)清(qing)理(li),僅(jin)將(jiang)莖(jing)蔓(man)清(qing)理(li)出(chu)去(qu),還(hai)有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)留(liu)存(cun)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong),這(zhe)種(zhong)做(zuo)法(fa)也(ye)是(shi)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)。因(yin)為(wei)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)有(you)大(da)量(liang)有(you)害(hai)病(bing)蟲(chong),在(zai)根(gen)係(xi)死(si)亡(wang)之(zhi)後(hou),會(hui)在(zai)殘(can)存(cun)根(gen)係(xi)中(zhong)大(da)量(liang)繁(fan)殖(zhi),成(cheng)為(wei)下(xia)一(yi)茬(cha)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)“禍根”。尤其是各種根腐病、莖基腐病、青枯病、枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)和(he)根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)等(deng)根(gen)部(bu)病(bing)害(hai)已(yi)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)棚(peng)室(shi),更(geng)要(yao)徹(che)底(di)清(qing)理(li)根(gen)係(xi)。根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)棚(peng)室(shi)更(geng)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi),拔(ba)園(yuan)時(shi)正(zheng)是(shi)消(xiao)滅(mie)根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)的(de)大(da)好(hao)時(shi)機(ji),可(ke)利(li)用(yong)此(ci)機(ji)會(hui)將(jiang)附(fu)著(zhe)在(zai)根(gen)係(xi)上(shang)的(de)根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)帶(dai)到(dao)地(di)表(biao),利(li)用(yong)高(gao)溫(wen)悶(men)棚(peng)或(huo)者(zhe)藥(yao)劑(ji)處(chu)理(li),輕(qing)鬆(song)殺(sha)滅(mie)根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)。土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)殘(can)體(ti)少(shao)了(le),其(qi)上(shang)附(fu)著(zhe)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)物(wu)自(zi)然(ran)也(ye)就(jiu)少(shao)了(le),可(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)下(xia)茬(cha)作(zuo)物(wu)感(gan)染(ran)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)幾(ji)率(lv)。拔(ba)園(yuan)後(hou)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)除(chu)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)根(gen)係(xi),還(hai)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)自(zi)毒(du)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)數(shu)量(liang),減(jian)輕(qing)重(zhong)茬(cha)危(wei)害(hai)。
因(yin)此(ci),蔬(shu)菜(cai)拔(ba)園(yuan)時(shi)最(zui)好(hao)將(jiang)所(suo)有(you)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)全(quan)部(bu)拔(ba)出(chu)來(lai)。若(ruo)土(tu)壤(rang)較(jiao)幹(gan),可(ke)在(zai)拔(ba)園(yuan)前(qian)輕(qing)澆(jiao)一(yi)水(shui),將(jiang)土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)潤(run),便(bian)於(yu)拔(ba)出(chu)。必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)可(ke)用(yong)鐵(tie)鍬(qiao)挖(wa)除(chu),以(yi)免(mian)大(da)量(liang)須(xu)根(gen)斷(duan)裂(lie)留(liu)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)。另(ling)外(wai),拔(ba)園(yuan)前(qian)最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)有(you)病(bing)株(zhu)的(de)地(di)方(fang)做(zuo)好(hao)標(biao)記(ji),拔(ba)園(yuan)後(hou)將(jiang)病(bing)穴(xue)周(zhou)圍(wei)用(yong)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)、消毒劑等重點處理一下,以徹底消滅病菌。
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