“現在棚內溫度過高,導致蔬菜徒長、落花落果非常嚴重,你說這可咋弄?”不少菜農愁眉苦臉地告訴筆者。
這段時間,天氣晴好,光照強烈,溫度很高,棚外最高溫度一度達到37℃。而在棚內,溫度更是比棚外高出不少,中午最高溫度經常超過40℃。而夜間溫度,則普遍要高於20℃,大大超過了蔬菜正常生長的夜間溫度。溫度過高,尤其是夜溫過高,使得植株呼吸作用過旺,植株往往比較細弱,開花坐果難。
降低pengwenshizhonghaoyuexiashucaideguanjian,zhediancainongdoufeichangqingchu,dancainongduiyejianpengneiwendudekongzhiquexianyoujucuo。shijishang,yejianjibenmeiyouguangzhao,youjiyingyangchuzaidanchunxiaohaodezhuangtaixia,ruowenduguogao,huxizuoyongyizhiweichizaigaoqiangdu,huidaozhibaitianzhizaodeyoujiyingyangdaliangxiaohao,caishidaozhizhizhuxiruo、落花落果的主要因素,因此菜農朋友一定要加強注意夜溫的控製。
那na麼me,如ru何he降jiang低di蔬shu菜cai大da棚peng的de夜ye溫wen呢ne?仔zai細xi想xiang想xiang就jiu會hui知zhi道dao,這zhe與yu冬dong天tian大da棚peng保bao溫wen正zheng好hao相xiang反fan,即ji在zai冬dong季ji需xu要yao通tong過guo提ti高gao大da棚peng儲chu熱re量liang來lai保bao溫wen,而er夏xia季ji則ze要yao降jiang低di大da棚peng的de儲chu熱re量liang來lai實shi現xian降jiang低di夜ye溫wen的de目mu的de。大da棚peng是shi依yi靠kao什shen麼me來lai儲chu熱re的de呢ne?毫hao無wu疑yi問wen就jiu是shi大da棚peng的de土tu壤rang、棚(peng)牆(qiang)以(yi)及(ji)立(li)柱(zhu)等(deng)。這(zhe)些(xie)在(zai)白(bai)天(tian)強(qiang)光(guang)照(zhao)射(she)下(xia)存(cun)儲(chu)了(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)熱(re),到(dao)了(le)夜(ye)間(jian)便(bian)緩(huan)慢(man)散(san)發(fa)出(chu)來(lai),造(zao)成(cheng)夜(ye)溫(wen)過(guo)高(gao)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。所(suo)以(yi),要(yao)降(jiang)低(di)夜(ye)溫(wen)就(jiu)要(yao)從(cong)這(zhe)幾(ji)方(fang)麵(mian)入(ru)手(shou)。
shouxian,baitianduozhongjiangwencuoshibingyong,jiangdipengneiwendu,jianshaopengshisheshixireliang,weiyejianjiangwendahaojichu。zaidangqianwendutiaojianxia,cainongwangwangjiangtongfengkoukaidaozuida,qieyejianbuzaiguanbi。raner,pengwaiwenduyejiaogaoshi,jinjintongguofangfengnanyidadaojiaohaodejiangwenxiaoguo,jiuyaojishicaiquzonghedejiangwencuoshi,rushezhizheyangwang、潑灑泥漿、噴灑降溫劑、合理噴水或澆水等。需要提醒菜農朋友的是,使用遮陽網時間不可過長,晴天不宜超過4個小時,陰天時要全部收起,以免影響光合作用。
qici,helizhengzhibaozhenghelidezhuxingjiegouhuofugaijiegan,helijiaoshui,jianshaoturangjianguang,jiangditurangchureliang。yibanlaishuo,dongjizailuomanshi,yaoqiucainongjiangxiabudelaoye、bingyeshuchu,yitigaodiwen,jianshaobinghaifasheng。erxiaji,chuquxiadayu,dapengjihuriyetongfeng,pengneishidujiaoxiao,jianyicainongzuihaobuyaojiangxiabulaoyequchu,yicizhedangqiangguangzhaoshe,fangzhidiwenkuaisushenggao,bimianyejianguoduosanchureliang。duiyudingzhishijianbuchang、植zhi株zhu尚shang未wei完wan全quan覆fu蓋gai地di麵mian的de棚peng室shi,建jian議yi在zai行xing間jian覆fu蓋gai一yi層ceng秸jie稈gan,延yan緩huan地di麵mian的de升sheng溫wen。另ling外wai,合he理li澆jiao水shui也ye是shi減jian少shao土tu壤rang儲chu熱re的de重zhong要yao手shou段duan。保bao持chi土tu壤rang表biao層ceng濕shi潤run,水shui分fen蒸zheng發fa時shi就jiu可ke吸xi收shou大da量liang的de熱re,防fang止zhi地di溫wen過guo快kuai升sheng高gao。
再次,減少棚牆的儲熱量。棚室儲熱的一個重要場所就是棚牆,大棚後牆、山(shan)牆(qiang)白(bai)天(tian)吸(xi)收(shou)大(da)量(liang)熱(re)量(liang),夜(ye)晚(wan)又(you)釋(shi)放(fang)出(chu)來(lai),造(zao)成(cheng)棚(peng)內(nei)夜(ye)溫(wen)高(gao)。因(yin)此(ci),讓(rang)後(hou)牆(qiang)的(de)儲(chu)熱(re)量(liang)減(jian)少(shao),是(shi)降(jiang)低(di)夜(ye)溫(wen)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)好(hao)辦(ban)法(fa)。菜(cai)農(nong)可(ke)用(yong)無(wu)紡(fang)布(bu)等(deng)將(jiang)大(da)棚(peng)後(hou)牆(qiang)遮(zhe)擋(dang)起(qi)來(lai),也(ye)可(ke)在(zai)棚(peng)牆(qiang)處(chu)種(zhong)植(zhi)豆(dou)類(lei)、瓜gua類lei等deng蔓man生sheng作zuo物wu覆fu蓋gai牆qiang體ti,減jian少shao棚peng牆qiang儲chu熱re量liang。棚peng內nei鋪pu設she的de滴di灌guan設she施shi,要yao把ba主zhu管guan道dao用yong無wu紡fang布bu等deng蓋gai好hao,防fang止zhi強qiang光guang照zhao射she加jia快kuai其qi老lao化hua,影ying響xiang使shi用yong壽shou命ming。
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