胡蘿卜栽植過程中常出現先期抽薹嚴重、裂根、青頭等問題,嚴重影響產量和品質,現將其成因和預防措施介紹如下。
先期抽薹 胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)早(zao)期(qi)抽(chou)薹(tai)後(hou)肉(rou)質(zhi)根(gen)變(bian)硬(ying),失(shi)去(qu)食(shi)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)。造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)播(bo)後(hou)遇(yu)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)低(di)溫(wen),使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)通(tong)過(guo)春(chun)化(hua)而(er)提(ti)早(zao)抽(chou)薹(tai)。有(you)資(zi)料(liao)顯(xian)示(shi),一(yi)般(ban)胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)有(you)7張葉片時,遇4.5~15℃低溫經25~30tianjiukeyitongguochunhuajieduan,jinerzaishouhuoqiandaliangchoutaikaihua。shengchanshangweizhuiqiutizaoshangshi,changmangmutizaobozhong,daozhihuluobuyitongguochunhua。yufanghuluobutizaochoutai,yaoxuanyongnaichoutaidepinzhong,helianpaibozhongqi。lingwai,shuifenquefa、氮肥供應不足、病蟲害發生嚴重都可能引起胡蘿卜提早抽薹,生長期間要加強水肥管理及病蟲害防治。
裂根 主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)水(shui)分(fen)管(guan)理(li)不(bu)當(dang)。在(zai)胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)肉(rou)質(zhi)根(gen)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)間(jian)澆(jiao)水(shui)不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun),前(qian)期(qi)補(bu)水(shui)不(bu)足(zu),肉(rou)質(zhi)根(gen)生(sheng)長(chang)緩(huan)慢(man),後(hou)期(qi)突(tu)然(ran)大(da)量(liang)澆(jiao)水(shui)或(huo)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)大(da),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)水(shui)後(hou)內(nei)部(bu)迅(xun)速(su)膨(peng)脹(zhang)引(yin)起(qi)開(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)此(ci),胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)肉(rou)質(zhi)根(gen)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)水(shui)分(fen)管(guan)理(li),使(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)見(jian)幹(gan)見(jian)濕(shi),有(you)滴(di)灌(guan)或(huo)噴(pen)灌(guan)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)可(ke)在(zai)大(da)雨(yu)來(lai)臨(lin)前(qian)澆(jiao)一(yi)次(ci)小(xiao)水(shui)。此(ci)外(wai),采(cai)收(shou)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)也(ye)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)裂(lie)根(gen),生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)應(ying)掌(zhang)握(wo)在(zai)肉(rou)質(zhi)根(gen)長(chang)18~20厘米、粗3~4厘米時采收。
青頭 zhuyaoyuanyinshifututaiqian,rouzhigenpengdaguochengzhongbuzhuyipeitu,daozhishengchangzhonghouqirouzhigendingbuluchutumian,shoudaoyangguangzhaoshechanshengyelvsubianlv。caiyongxiaolongdanxingzhongzhihuodalongshuangxingzhongzhidehuluobutian,zaiqingchudimohouyaojishifutu,qianqibunengfutuguoduo,gaizhuhuluobudingbujike。suizhehuluobudeshengchang,rouzhigendingbuhuiluchudimian,kezaishouhuoqian3周再次覆土,這樣可以防止肉質根頂部見光形成青頭,也能讓見光後形成青頭的部位逐漸恢複正常。
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