fanqieguopishengchangsuduyuguorouzuzhipengdasudubutongbu,guoshipengyazengda,shichuxianlieguodezhijieyuanyin。zaiguoshifayujianquchengshushi,guopishengchanghuanmanhuoquyutingzhi,erguoroujixushengchang,zuirongyifashenglieguoxianxiang。butongpinzhongshenglilieguofashengchengduchayihenmingxian。
番茄生長期間溫度過高或過低、水分管理不當以及缺素等,是引起番茄生理性裂果的主要原因。
水分:番茄果實發育後期或轉色期,長時間高溫、幹gan旱han過guo後hou突tu然ran遇yu暴bao雨yu或huo者zhe澆jiao水shui,果guo肉rou組zu織zhi在zai短duan期qi內nei急ji速su吸xi水shui膨peng大da,容rong易yi產chan生sheng裂lie果guo。植zhi株zhu打da頂ding過guo重zhong,果guo實shi在zai烈lie日ri下xia暴bao曬shai後hou突tu然ran澆jiao水shui,常chang發fa生sheng裂lie果guo。在zai連lian續xu陰yin雨yu雪xue天tian氣qi之zhi後hou,突tu然ran放fang晴qing,果guo皮pi過guo度du失shi水shui,也ye容rong易yi出chu現xian裂lie果guo。棚peng室shi番fan茄qie生sheng產chan上shang,定ding植zhi活huo棵ke後hou,為wei防fang止zhi番fan茄qie徒tu長chang,前qian期qi一yi般ban不bu澆jiao水shui,但dan應ying保bao持chi土tu壤rang濕shi潤run,結jie果guo以yi後hou應ying經jing常chang澆jiao水shui,保bao持chi土tu壤rang含han水shui量liang在zai80%左右,避免土壤過幹過濕。
溫度:番茄生長的適宜溫度是18-25℃。日平均溫度降低到13℃時,依然可緩慢生長。降低到13℃以下,營養生長極緩慢,營養過剩使花芽分化過度,常造成果實發育異常,形成畸形果。溫度低於8℃,綠lv熟shu果guo會hui受shou到dao冷leng害hai,局ju部bu或huo全quan部bu水shui浸jin狀zhuang軟ruan爛lan或huo蒂di部bu開kai裂lie,表biao麵mian出chu現xian褐he色se小xiao圓yuan斑ban,不bu能neng正zheng常chang完wan熟shu,易yi染ran病bing腐fu爛lan。低di溫wen條tiao件jian下xia,尤you其qi是shi冬dong春chun棚peng室shi番fan茄qie,會hui因yin授shou粉fen不bu良liang引yin起qi果guo實shi畸ji形xing和he開kai裂lie。白bai天tian溫wen度du長chang時shi間jian超chao過guo35℃,花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)者(zhe)不(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)授(shou)粉(fen),也(ye)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)裂(lie)果(guo)。冬(dong)季(ji)寒(han)冷(leng),晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)過(guo)大(da),番(fan)茄(qie)果(guo)皮(pi)與(yu)果(guo)肉(rou)熱(re)脹(zhang)冷(leng)縮(suo)差(cha)異(yi)大(da),可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)一(yi)些(xie)薄(bo)皮(pi)品(pin)種(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)果(guo)。在(zai)大(da)棚(peng)番(fan)茄(qie)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang),應(ying)控(kong)製(zhi)好(hao)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)溫(wen)度(du),避(bi)免(mian)溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)過(guo)低(di),寒(han)冷(leng)季(ji)節(jie)還(hai)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)不(bu)能(neng)太(tai)大(da)。
缺素:缺硼會導致番茄果麵出現木栓狀龜裂。這種情況不僅僅在土壤缺硼時才會發生。在陣雨、暴雨或澆大水後,或溫度過高、過低時,番茄根係等出現生理機能障礙,鈣、硼元素的吸收及其在體內的運轉會受到影響,引起缺硼,出現裂果。鈣、硼缺乏,會損害花芽,導致以後裂果。因此,等出現大量裂果後再補施硼、鈣gai,並bing不bu能neng立li即ji製zhi止zhi裂lie果guo出chu現xian。生sheng產chan上shang應ying根gen據ju番fan茄qie的de需xu肥fei特te點dian,測ce土tu配pei方fang施shi肥fei或huo施shi用yong番fan茄qie專zhuan用yong肥fei,促cu進jin植zhi株zhu穩wen健jian生sheng長chang,果guo實shi膨peng大da後hou不bu偏pian施shi氮dan肥fei。發fa現xian缺que素su時shi,可ke以yi用yong96%硫酸銅1000倍液加0.1%硫酸鋅、0.7%氯化鈣、0.1%硼砂噴灑,10-15天一次,連噴2-3次。
另外,番茄苗一般應在70-80rilingqiandingzhi,miaolingguochang,zaiyizhizaipeitiaojianxiahuayayimushuanhua,yihoujiedeguoshiyikailie。jisuzhanguoshiyongyaofangfabudang,yepianheshengchangdianshoudaoyaowuwuran;或者激素濃度過高,植株生長受到影響,也會使番茄葉片卷曲,果實畸形或開裂。
根(gen)據(ju)朱(zhu)劍(jian)反(fan)映(ying)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)近(jin)期(qi)我(wo)省(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)低(di)溫(wen)雨(yu)雪(xue)天(tian)多(duo),加(jia)上(shang)他(ta)反(fan)映(ying)番(fan)茄(qie)植(zhi)株(zhu)在(zai)雪(xue)後(hou)暴(bao)晴(qing)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)有(you)輕(qing)度(du)卷(juan)葉(ye)症(zheng)狀(zhuang),而(er)且(qie)近(jin)百(bai)畝(mu)地(di)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)均(jun)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)裂(lie)果(guo)現(xian)象(xiang),基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)可(ke)以(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)番(fan)茄(qie)裂(lie)果(guo)與(yu)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)低(di)溫(wen)雨(yu)雪(xue)天(tian)有(you)關(guan),棚(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)濕(shi)度(du)管(guan)理(li)上(shang)估(gu)計(ji)也(ye)有(you)不(bu)當(dang)之(zhi)處(chu)。
番(fan)茄(qie)生(sheng)理(li)性(xing)卷(juan)葉(ye)常(chang)由(you)不(bu)良(liang)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)當(dang)引(yin)起(qi)。棚(peng)室(shi)番(fan)茄(qie)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)為(wei)防(fang)止(zhi)棚(peng)室(shi)內(nei)濕(shi)度(du)過(guo)高(gao)引(yin)發(fa)病(bing)害(hai),常(chang)過(guo)於(yu)強(qiang)調(tiao)降(jiang)低(di)濕(shi)度(du),造(zao)成(cheng)空(kong)氣(qi)幹(gan)燥(zao),土(tu)壤(rang)缺(que)水(shui),容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)卷(juan)葉(ye)現(xian)象(xiang)。長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)連(lian)續(xu)陰(yin)雨(yu)或(huo)低(di)溫(wen)寡(gua)照(zhao)後(hou)暴(bao)晴(qing),也(ye)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)番(fan)茄(qie)失(shi)水(shui)卷(juan)葉(ye)。
duishangshulieguoyanzhongdefanqie,zhongdianyingjiaqiangpengneiwenshiduguanli,cujinzhizhuhuifushengchang。yihouzaishengchanshangyufangfanqieshenglilieguo,yingzhuyipeiyuzhuangmiao,shishidingzhi;精細整地,增施有機肥和磷鉀肥;加強棚內溫濕度管理,促進根係發育,提高植株抗逆能力。可能的情況下注意選用皮厚、抗裂的品種,也有利於減輕裂果的發生。
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