化瓜是指雌花形成後逐漸凋萎、脫落,或幼瓜不能繼續長成商品瓜也逐漸凋萎、脫落的現象。化瓜現象是黃瓜生產上普遍存在的問題,特別是在保護地內栽培的黃瓜,如果管理不善,化瓜率甚至會達到50%,嚴重影響產量。
病因分析 低溫弱光:苗(miao)期(qi)或(huo)生(sheng)長(chang)前(qian)期(qi)遇(yu)到(dao)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)等(deng)低(di)溫(wen)弱(ruo)光(guang)天(tian)氣(qi),植(zhi)株(zhu)會(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)大(da)量(liang)雌(ci)花(hua),但(dan)有(you)的(de)大(da)棚(peng)溫(wen)度(du)低(di),光(guang)照(zhao)不(bu)足(zu),植(zhi)株(zhu)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)弱(ruo),製(zhi)造(zao)的(de)養(yang)分(fen)少(shao),不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)每(mei)個(ge)瓜(gua)條(tiao)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)對(dui)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)低(di),白(bai)天(tian)低(di)於(yu)20℃,晚上低於10℃,根係吸收能力會受到影響,導致植株因“饑餓”而化瓜。管理不當:大量施用氮肥,澆水過多,莖葉徒長,消耗大量養分,或缺水缺肥,這些因素均會導致化瓜。氣體濃度不適:空氣中二氧化碳含量為0.03%,基本可以滿足光合作用的需要。但秋冬季因棚室密封,放風晚,上午光合作用強烈,二氧化碳被迅速消耗,濃度迅速降低到0.01%,很難滿足光合作用的需要,致使有機營養不足,容易引起化瓜。生長失調:莖jing葉ye生sheng長chang旺wang盛sheng,消xiao耗hao養yang分fen,瓜gua條tiao發fa育yu所suo需xu養yang分fen不bu足zu會hui導dao致zhi化hua瓜gua。生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang過guo旺wang,雌ci花hua數shu目mu過guo多duo,瓜gua條tiao過guo密mi,植zhi株zhu負fu擔dan過guo重zhong,養yang分fen供gong應ying不bu足zu,也ye會hui導dao致zhi化hua瓜gua。
防治方法 增強光照:應在中午前後短期揭簾,使植株接受散射光。有條件時,可安裝農用紅外燈補光增溫。葉麵噴肥與激素處理:用1%的磷酸二氫鉀加0.4%的葡萄糖加0.4%的尿素混合液,以及15.5×10-6的保瓜靈噴灑葉麵。也可用100×10-6dechimeisupenhua,kecujinguatiaoshengchang,fangzhiyindiwenhuagua。zhidezhuyideshi,guoqucainongxiguanshiyongzenggualingcujinzuogua,danshi,shiyongzenggualinghou,huangguadepinzhibiancha,fengweibuhao,jiagelvedi。gengdadewentishi,shiyongzenggualingdengbaoguoyaojihou,jingguozhanhuadehuangguasuiranzuozhule,danzhizhudeyingyangshiyidingde,shangmiandeguajiuhennanzuozhule。wendutiaokong:冬季由於低溫而出現化瓜,則應該盡量提高溫度,尤其是地溫,地溫不能低於10℃,一般應在14℃以(yi)上(shang)。地(di)溫(wen)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)並(bing)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)依(yi)靠(kao)溫(wen)室(shi)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)良(liang)或(huo)完(wan)全(quan)依(yi)賴(lai)晴(qing)朗(lang)的(de)天(tian)氣(qi),菜(cai)農(nong)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi),在(zai)行(xing)間(jian)埋(mai)入(ru)玉(yu)米(mi)秸(jie)稈(gan)或(huo)在(zai)行(xing)間(jian)鋪(pu)玉(yu)米(mi)秸(jie)稈(gan),利(li)用(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)秸(jie)稈(gan)分(fen)解(jie)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)提(ti)高(gao)地(di)溫(wen),效(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)好(hao)。在(zai)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)下(xia),黃(huang)瓜(gua)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)抗(kang)性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang)。協(xie)調(tiao)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)與(yu)生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)關(guan)係(xi):針對由於采收不及時而“墜秧”,yinqishengchangshitiaodaozhidehuaguaxianxiang,yingjiaqiangfeishuiguanli,jishicaigua。jishizhaichujixinggua,shuchuguomigua。haiyouyizhonghuaguashiyouyujingyetuchangyinqide,jingyezhisuoyituchang,shiyouyucaiguaguoyupinfan,zhizhushangmeiyouwangshengshengchangdegua,shiyingyangwuzhidadougongyangjingyedeshengchang,jieguojingyeshengchangguowang,zhizhuzoushanglelingyitiaodaixietujing,yingyangbuzaiyouxiangongyingyouguadeshengchang,jieguoshiyingyangsuiranchongzu,danguafanerhuadiaole。yudaozhezhongqingkuangkepenyixilidengyizhijingyetuchang。danzuihaodeyufangfangfashizhuyicaishoubiaozhun,jiyaojishicaishou,youyaorangzhizhushangbaocunyouzhishaoyitiaowangshengshengchangdegua,yejiushicainongsuoshuoderanghuangguazhizhu“壓著長”。如因缺水缺肥化瓜,要及時澆水施肥。建造高標準溫室:jianzaocaiguanghebaowenxingnenglianghaodedongyongxingriguangwenshishiyufanghuangguahuaguadegenbencuoshi。zhiyoubaowenxingnengjihao,jinxingyuedonghuangguashengchanshi,huaguaxianxiangcainenghenshaochuxian。shoufen:少數品種因單性結實能力差引起的化瓜可通過人工授粉、在溫室內放養蜜蜂等措施,刺激子房膨大,降低化瓜率,通常可使化瓜率下降70%左右。
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