xianchangcaiyangzuoweihuanjingjiancedezhongyaohuanjie，zaijinxingxianchangcaiyangshihuishoudaogezhonggeyangdeyingxiangyinsuganrao，ruhequebaoxianchangcaiyanggongzuodeshunlijinxing，baozhengcaiyangshujudezhunquexing、完整性、精密性，很難確保環境監測工作的順利開展。
raner，jiancechudeshujukeyidiyishijianfanyingchuhuanjingzhiliangdezhuangkuang，zheyeweiguanlibumendejuecetigongchulekexueyouxiaodeyiju。duisuocaijideyangpindeyouxiaofenxiheduishujudechulifangshizhijiejuedingleshujudezhunquexing，womenxuyaobuduandeguanzhuhuanjingjiancegongzuoxianchangdexijiefangmianwenti，buduantishenghuanjingjiancedezhiliang，zheduihuanjingbaohugongzuoyouzhefeichangzhongyaodexianshiyiyi。
1、水質采樣工作
（1）采取不同的分析方式
zaijinxinghuanjingjiancegongzuodangzhong，fenxifangshideyunyongshifouzhengque，jiangduizuizhongdejiancejieguodekexuezhunquexingchanshengzhijiexingdeyingxiang，xiangtongdejianceyangben，yinweiqilaiyuandexingshidechayi，duiqicaiqudefenxifangfayeyouzhejiaodadebutong。yingdangyizhaojiancexiangmuzaishuitihuozhewushuizhongdenongdushuiping、具體的執行標準的確定，選取最佳的監測方式；所檢出限應當低於執行標準值的1/5，以此來滿足監測工作可以充分滿足該監測樣本的基本要求。在(zai)選(xuan)取(qu)分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)法(fa)上(shang)首(shou)先(xian)需(xu)要(yao)將(jiang)抗(kang)幹(gan)擾(rao)能(neng)力(li)進(jin)行(xing)優(you)先(xian)考(kao)慮(lv)，采(cai)樣(yang)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)該(gai)對(dui)其(qi)所(suo)采(cai)集(ji)的(de)樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)了(le)解(jie)。比(bi)如(ru)我(wo)國(guo)某(mou)些(xie)化(hua)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)廢(fei)水(shui)是(shi)高(gao)氯(lv)廢(fei)水(shui)，在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)廢(fei)水(shui)監(jian)測(ce)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)采(cai)集(ji)COD 樣品則需要明確標準是氯氣校正的方式來進行監測分析，這樣才可以有效的保證最終監測結果的準確性。在進行環境監測現場采樣的工作中，自然因素是千變萬化的，自然因素的變化對所采集的樣品會造成一定的影響。比如：風速、環境溫度、yuxuedengyinsudouhuizaochenghuanjingdangzhongcunzaidewuranwudefenbufashengbianhua。zaiduidibiaoshuijinxingcaiyanggongzuozhong，caijidiandefenbuxuyaozaitongyigeturangduanmianshang，yaoshijiancecaiyangheheanxiangjujiaojin，namesuozaochengdewuchadeyingxiangjiuhuigengda，tongshibansuijijiedebianhua，hedaodezhangchaodeshijianhuifashengyidingdebianhua，zhejiuxuyaoyangbencaijirenyuanzaigongzuozhiqianshishichongfendeshiditiaoyandezhunbei，fangzhicaijidaocuowushijianduandeyangben，yingxiangjiancedezuizhongjieguo。為了降低環境條件和微生物的新陳代謝活動以及其他化學作用的影響，最常用的樣本保存的方式有冷藏、冷凍以及加保護劑等方式。因為地表水、汙水樣本的主要成分是存在差異的，同樣保存的條件也很難保證對同一種類型的樣品中等待監測的物質都是完全可行的。我們以某燃氣電廠的驗收監測工作為例，采集的樣本二氧化硫的濃度較低，所使用的常規的儀器檢測法（地位電解法）的de監jian測ce結jie果guo並bing不bu能neng檢jian測ce出chu其qi中zhong二er氧yang化hua硫liu的de準zhun確que濃nong度du，因yin為wei化hua學xue法fa的de實shi際ji檢jian出chu限xian遠yuan遠yuan低di於yu儀yi器qi法fa，這zhe就jiu需xu要yao相xiang關guan的de監jian測ce人ren員yuan需xu要yao選xuan用yong化hua學xue法fa來lai進jin行xing采cai樣yang和he分fen析xi，使shi得de最zui後hou的de監jian測ce結jie果guo更geng加jia的de科ke學xue準zhun確que。采用吸收液所收集的樣品，吸收液和采集的溶液的穩定性相對較差，非常容易受到空氣的氧化、陽yang光guang的de照zhao射she以yi及ji現xian場chang環huan境jing溫wen度du的de變bian化hua產chan生sheng分fen解jie的de現xian象xiang，這zhe就jiu需xu要yao對dui樣yang本ben實shi施shi低di溫wen保bao存cun，尤you其qi是shi在zai夏xia天tian需xu要yao在zai冰bing箱xiang當dang中zhong冷leng藏zang，避bi免mian對dui所suo監jian測ce的de結jie果guo形xing成cheng誤wu差cha，在zai樣yang本ben采cai集ji工gong作zuo完wan成cheng之zhi後hou需xu要yao對dui吸xi收shou管guan實shi施shi密mi封feng保bao存cun，並bing且qie要yao盡jin快kuai對dui樣yang本ben進jin行xing分fen析xi。在(zai)出(chu)現(xian)樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)很(hen)高(gao)，或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)所(suo)選(xuan)取(qu)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)法(fa)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)使(shi)用(yong)采(cai)樣(yang)法(fa)對(dui)樣(yang)品(pin)進(jin)行(xing)采(cai)集(ji)，最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)容(rong)器(qi)有(you)注(zhu)射(she)容(rong)器(qi)、塑料氣袋以及真空瓶等等。這些容器都需要進行氣密性檢測，防止在使用的過程中出現漏氣的狀況。turangcunzaidebujunyixingshiduicaiyanggongzuozaochengwuchadeyigezuizhuyaodeyuanyin，zaijinxingcaiyanggongzuozhiqianxuyaoshishixianchangdekanchayijiduixiangguanziliaojinxingshoujihefenxi，yizhaoturangdeleixing、feilidengjiyijidixingfangmiandeyinsu，jiangshijiyanjiudefanweihuafenchengruogangequyu，zaimeigequyuzhongcaiyangdeturangdouxuyaozuidaxiandushangzuodaopingjunyizhi，caiyangdeqijubunengyudengdaicaiyangdegufeiwuzhichanshengfanying，bunengrangdaicaigongyegufeiwutiwuran、分層以及丟失。對dui噪zao音yin的de監jian測ce工gong作zuo主zhu要yao包bao含han了le工gong業ye企qi業ye噪zao音yin監jian測ce與yu環huan境jing敏min感gan點dian噪zao音yin的de監jian測ce。在zai對dui工gong業ye企qi業ye進jin行xing噪zao音yin監jian測ce的de過guo程cheng中zhong，首shou先xian需xu要yao重zhong點dian關guan注zhu是shi調tiao查zha統tong計ji企qi業ye的de實shi際ji生sheng產chan狀zhuang況kuang，主zhu要yao對dui生sheng產chan的de設she備bei開kai機ji台tai數shu和he運yun行xing的de狀zhuang況kuang進jin行xing詳xiang細xi的de記ji錄lu，同tong時shi還hai需xu要yao調tiao查zha機ji器qi在zai運yun行xing的de具ju體ti時shi間jian段duan，像xiang每mei天tian幾ji班ban運yun行xing等deng方fang麵mian。噪zao聲sheng監jian測ce工gong作zuo同tong時shi還hai需xu要yao注zhu意yi天tian氣qi條tiao件jian，要yao求qiu在zai無wu雷lei雨yu天tian氣qi下xia，並bing且qie風feng速su在zai5m/s 以下的條件下來進行。（1）jianlihewanshanzhiliangguanlitizhi。jianlijianquangexiangzhiliangguanlizhidu，bingyangedeguanchezhixing，baozhenggexiangguizhangzhiduluodaoshichu。zuohaojianduguanligongzuo，duijiancexianchangjinxingbudingqidechouzha，zhenzhengfahuizhiliangjianduhezhidaodezuoyong，baozhengjiancexianchangdegongzuozhiliang。（2）做(zuo)好(hao)現(xian)場(chang)采(cai)樣(yang)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)。對(dui)現(xian)場(chang)采(cai)樣(yang)人(ren)員(yuan)定(ding)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)專(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)培(pei)訓(xun)和(he)學(xue)習(xi)，提(ti)供(gong)監(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)能(neng)力(li)。經(jing)驗(yan)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)采(cai)樣(yang)人(ren)員(yuan)以(yi)傳(chuan)幫(bang)帶(dai)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)幫(bang)助(zhu)新(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)盡(jin)快(kuai)掌(zhang)握(wo)實(shi)踐(jian)技(ji)能(neng)，以(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)盡(jin)快(kuai)參(can)與(yu)到(dao)實(shi)踐(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)。不(bu)定(ding)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)業(ye)務(wu)考(kao)核(he)，建(jian)立(li)合(he)理(li)的(de)激(ji)勵(li)機(ji)製(zhi)，督(du)促(cu)監(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員(yuan)提(ti)高(gao)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)能(neng)力(li)。（1）要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)現(xian)場(chang)采(cai)樣(yang)工(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)，首(shou)先(xian)必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)采(cai)樣(yang)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)培(pei)訓(xun)，持(chi)證(zheng)上(shang)崗(gang)。對(dui)於(yu)每(mei)個(ge)監(jian)測(ce)任(ren)務(wu)確(que)定(ding)一(yi)名(ming)現(xian)場(chang)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)，由(you)現(xian)場(chang)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)製(zhi)定(ding)采(cai)樣(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)並(bing)組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)。要(yao)求(qiu)現(xian)場(chang)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)了(le)解(jie)該(gai)監(jian)測(ce)任(ren)務(wu)的(de)目(mu)的(de)和(he)要(yao)求(qiu)，清(qing)楚(chu)監(jian)測(ce)點(dian)位(wei)布(bu)設(she)及(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)情(qing)況(kuang)，熟(shu)悉(xi)工(gong)況(kuang)核(he)查(zha)方(fang)法(fa)、采樣方法、樣品保存要求。（2）為wei了le使shi質zhi量liang控kong製zhi工gong作zuo更geng好hao地di融rong入ru環huan境jing監jian測ce全quan過guo程cheng中zhong，能neng較jiao快kuai的de發fa現xian存cun在zai錯cuo誤wu的de環huan節jie，有you利li於yu對dui不bu符fu合he規gui範fan的de工gong作zuo進jin行xing糾jiu正zheng，使shi現xian場chang監jian測ce工gong作zuo逐zhu步bu規gui範fan化hua，編bian製zhi現xian場chang監jian測ce質zhi量liang監jian督du檢jian查zha表biao。質zhi量liang監jian督du員yuan結jie合he工gong作zuo實shi際ji製zhi定ding規gui範fan的de樣yang品pin編bian號hao程cheng序xu和he樣yang品pin流liu轉zhuan程cheng序xu，確que保bao樣yang品pin的de唯wei一yi性xing標biao識shi，同tong時shi保bao證zheng采cai集ji到dao的de樣yang品pin分fen析xi期qi間jian組zu分fen和he化hua學xue性xing質zhi不bu發fa生sheng變bian化hua。（3）現場監測人員要依照規範進行操作，做好現場記錄，詳細記錄監測用儀器設備編號、監測點位、采樣位置、采樣時間、氣象條件、gongkuangfuhejijinghuasheshiyunxingqingkuangdeng，bingfuxianchangjiancedianweituhuoliuchengtu，baozhengsuyuanxing。tongshi，meipiyangpindouyingzuoquanchengxupingxingkongbaiyang，biyaoshicaijixianchang―實驗室質控樣品進行質控核查。（4）每台監測用儀器與設備均應設立檔案，粘貼唯一性標識；依法對儀器與設備進行檢定或校準，並在合格有效期內使用；製定儀器與設備的年度核查計劃，並按計劃執行；定期對儀器與設備進行維護保養，同時填寫維護保養記錄；製定儀器與設備的管理程序和操作規程，使用時做好使用記錄；每mei台tai儀yi器qi與yu設she備bei有you責ze任ren人ren負fu責ze日ri常chang管guan理li，監jian督du儀yi器qi與yu設she備bei的de規gui範fan性xing操cao作zuo，保bao證zheng儀yi器qi與yu設she備bei處chu於yu完wan好hao狀zhuang態tai，在zai監jian測ce時shi運yun行xing正zheng常chang。現xian場chang采cai樣yang完wan成cheng後hou，監jian測ce人ren員yuan要yao對dui儀yi器qi設she備bei進jin行xing清qing理li、jianzha，bingyutongzurenyuanzuohaoduijie，heduiyiqideshuliangjibianhao，zuohaorukujilu。xianchangjiancerenyuanyingdangshuxiyiqidegouzao，jubeixiaoguzhangdepaichunengli，bunengpaichudeyingjishizaiyiqixiangtishangtiebiaoqianbingzhumingguzhangqingkuang，yiqisonghuishi，zhijiejiaoyouyiqishiguanlirenyuan；儀器室管理人員對儀器進行初步檢修，確定排除故障後儀器入庫，初步檢修無法排除故障的，應負責聯係儀器廠家盡快維修、保養，並認真填寫維修記錄，確保所有儀器均處於良好的運行狀態。（5）為wei了le保bao證zheng質zhi量liang控kong製zhi的de效xiao果guo，現xian場chang監jian測ce的de采cai樣yang記ji錄lu是shi複fu現xian采cai樣yang情qing景jing的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao途tu徑jing，在zai環huan境jing監jian測ce現xian場chang采cai樣yang工gong作zuo完wan成cheng以yi後hou，收shou樣yang人ren還hai要yao負fu責ze對dui現xian場chang采cai樣yang記ji錄lu進jin行xing檢jian查zha，保bao證zheng樣yang品pin實shi際ji狀zhuang態tai與yu信xin息xi記ji錄lu的de一yi致zhi性xing。樣yang品pin實shi際ji狀zhuang態tai與yu記ji錄lu不bu一yi致zhi，采cai樣yang記ji錄lu信xin息xi不bu全quan時shi，收shou樣yang人ren不bu得de接jie收shou樣yang品pin。另ling外wai，在zai檢jian查zha工gong作zuo完wan成cheng以yi後hou，要yao對dui監jian測ce過guo程cheng進jin行xing一yi定ding的de評ping估gu。評ping估gu內nei容rong包bao括kuo：監測內容是否正確，樣品、ziliaoshifouwanzheng，shifoudadaozhiliangkongzhimubiao。tongguoduizhexieyinsudezonghepinggu，nenggoujishifaxianxianchangjiancezhongcunzaidewentibingjishijinxingjiejue。zaiduijianceguochengjinxingjianzhahepinggudejichushang，wanchengxianchangjiancezongjiedebianxie，duiyuxianchangjiancexiangguandegexiangneirong，baokuojiancefangan、準備工作、現場監測取樣、樣(yang)品(pin)及(ji)資(zi)料(liao)的(de)收(shou)集(ji)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，總(zong)結(jie)出(chu)整(zheng)個(ge)監(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)好(hao)的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)和(he)不(bu)足(zu)，以(yi)便(bian)在(zai)今(jin)後(hou)的(de)監(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)加(jia)以(yi)保(bao)持(chi)和(he)改(gai)進(jin)，以(yi)便(bian)於(yu)提(ti)高(gao)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。對dui所suo采cai集ji的de樣yang品pin的de有you效xiao分fen析xi和he對dui數shu據ju的de處chu理li方fang式shi直zhi接jie決jue定ding了le數shu據ju的de準zhun確que性xing，這zhe就jiu需xu要yao不bu斷duan的de關guan注zhu環huan境jing監jian測ce工gong作zuo現xian場chang的de細xi節jie方fang麵mian問wen題ti，不bu斷duan提ti升sheng環huan境jing監jian測ce的de質zhi量liang，改gai善shan當dang前qian我wo國guo環huan境jing狀zhuang況kuang，同tong時shi對dui人ren們men生sheng活huo質zhi量liang和he良liang好hao的de社she會hui發fa展zhan氛fen圍wei都dou起qi到dao至zhi關guan重zhong要yao的de促cu進jin作zuo用yong，所suo以yi不bu斷duan完wan善shan和he實shi施shi環huan境jing監jian測ce工gong作zuo是shi對dui我wo國guo社she會hui快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de一yi種zhong有you力li保bao障zhang。
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