在施肥時,如果單獨施用化肥或有機肥或生物菌肥,都不能使蔬菜長時間保持良好的生長狀態,這是因為每種肥料都有各自的短處:化肥養分集中,施入後見效快,但是長期大量施用會造成土壤板結、鹽漬化等問題;有機肥養分全,可促進土壤團粒結構的形成,培肥土壤,但養分含量少,釋放慢,到了蔬菜生長後期不能供應足夠的養分;生物菌肥可活化土壤中被固定的營養元素,刺激根係的生長和吸收,但它不含任何營養元素,也不能長時間供應蔬菜生長所需的營養。
了解了每種肥料的短處,可以得出這樣的結論:化肥、有機肥、生物菌肥配合施用效果要好於單獨施用。但要想達到較佳的施肥效果,配合施用時就應注意以下幾方麵:
shouxian,zhuyishiyongshijian。youjifeijianxiaoman,yingtizaoshiyong,yibanzaishucaiboqianhuodingzhiqianyicixingjishi,shiyongzhiqianzuihaojinxingchongfenfushu,houqizhuishixiaoguoburuzuojifeimingxian。huafeijianxiaokuai,zuojifeishitiqian7天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)施(shi)入(ru),作(zuo)追(zhui)肥(fei)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)蔬(shu)菜(cai)營(ying)養(yang)臨(lin)界(jie)期(qi)或(huo)吸(xi)收(shou)營(ying)養(yang)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi)前(qian)施(shi)入(ru),以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)其(qi)所(suo)需(xu)。生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)經(jing)大(da)量(liang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)後(hou)才(cai)能(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)以(yi)菌(jun)抑(yi)菌(jun)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),故(gu)要(yao)在(zai)蔬(shu)菜(cai)定(ding)植(zhi)前(qian)提(ti)早(zao)施(shi)入(ru),使(shi)其(qi)有(you)繁(fan)殖(zhi)壯(zhuang)大(da)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)。生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)可(ke)隨(sui)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)一(yi)起(qi)施(shi)入(ru)土(tu)壤(rang),也(ye)可(ke)在(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)前(qian)或(huo)定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)穴(xue)施(shi)。
其次,注意施用方法。有機肥主要作用是改良土壤,同時提供養分,一yi般ban作zuo為wei基ji肥fei施shi入ru土tu壤rang,所suo以yi要yao結jie合he深shen耕geng施shi入ru,使shi土tu壤rang與yu有you機ji肥fei完wan全quan混hun勻yun,以yi達da到dao改gai良liang土tu壤rang的de目mu的de。因yin為wei有you機ji肥fei中zhong的de養yang分fen以yi氮dan為wei主zhu,所suo以yi施shi基ji肥fei時shi,與yu有you機ji肥fei搭da配pei的de氮dan肥fei可ke少shao施shi,氮dan肥fei的de30%作基肥,70%zuozhuifei。jiafeikezuojifeiyicixingshiru。linfeiyinyidongxingcha,houqizhuishixiaoguobuhao,yeyingzuojifeishiruturang。zhuishidehuafeizuihaoyongquanrongxingsuxiaofei,zheyangfeiliaofenjiehoukebeishucaixunsuxishou,duiturangyingxiangjiaoxiao。shengwujunfeiyinqiyongliangshaokejizhongshizaidingzhixueneihuosuiyoujifeijishi。houqikeduocizhuishitongyizhongshengwujunfei,yizhuangdajunqun,zengqiangqijielinjiejianengli,tigaofangbingxiaoguo。
最(zui)後(hou),注(zhu)意(yi)施(shi)用(yong)數(shu)量(liang)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi),所(suo)需(xu)肥(fei)量(liang)不(bu)同(tong),不(bu)能(neng)多(duo)施(shi)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)少(shao)施(shi)。蔬(shu)菜(cai)對(dui)營(ying)養(yang)元(yuan)素(su)的(de)吸(xi)收(shou)是(shi)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)比(bi)例(li)的(de),如(ru)番(fan)茄(qie)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)氮(dan)、磷、鉀比為1∶0.23∶1.52,茄子為1∶0.23∶1.7,辣椒為1∶0.25∶1.31,黃瓜為1∶0.3∶1.5。因(yin)此(ci),施(shi)肥(fei)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)需(xu)肥(fei)比(bi)例(li)進(jin)行(xing)。但(dan)是(shi)因(yin)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)已(yi)含(han)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)營(ying)養(yang)元(yuan)素(su),所(suo)以(yi)最(zui)好(hao)進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)次(ci)測(ce)土(tu),按(an)測(ce)土(tu)配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)建(jian)議(yi)進(jin)行(xing)。
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