1.根
shuyuxugenxi,youzhonggenhebudinggenzhibie。zhonggenyouchengchushenggen,zhiyouyitiao,youpeigenzhijiefayuercheng,zaiyoumiaoqiyingxishouzuoyong,yihoukusi。budinggenyouchengyongjiugen,youjingjibudejingjieshangshengchu,qishangzaifashengzhigen。ludao、早zao播bo稻dao濕shi潤run管guan理li時shi,嫩nen根gen伸shen長chang區qu之zhi上shang表biao皮pi細xi胞bao外wai壁bi延yan伸shen出chu多duo量liang根gen毛mao,但dan在zai水shui層ceng中zhong生sheng長chang的de水shui稻dao不bu長chang根gen毛mao或huo根gen毛mao極ji少shao。根gen的de頂ding端duan有you生sheng長chang點dian,外wai有you帽mao狀zhuang根gen冠guan保bao護hu。根gen的de數shu量liang、長度、分布、伸展角度等因環境條件而變化。根的橫剖麵由中柱、皮pi層ceng和he表biao皮pi等deng三san部bu分fen構gou成cheng,中zhong柱zhu內nei有you木mu質zhi部bu的de大da導dao管guan十shi餘yu個ge成cheng輻fu射she狀zhuang排pai列lie,韌ren皮pi部bu與yu後hou生sheng木mu質zhi部bu相xiang間jian排pai列lie。皮pi層ceng細xi胞bao間jian隙xi擴kuo大da呈cheng空kong洞dong,形xing成cheng裂lie生sheng通tong氣qi組zu織zhi,以yi進jin行xing氣qi體ti的de輸shu送song。
2.莖
一般呈圓筒形,中空,莖上有節。葉著生在節上,上下兩節之間稱節間。莖基部有7~13個節間不伸長,稱為蘖節;莖的上部有4~7個明顯、shenchangdejiejian,xingchengjinggan。yibanshengyuqichangdepinzhongjingjieshuheshenchangjiejianshujiaoduo,shengyuqiduandepinzhongjiaoshao。jiebiaomianlongqi,neibuchongshi,waicengshibiaopi,xibaobihenhou,jiezuzhizhongdehoubixibaochongmanyuanshengzhi,shenghuoliwangsheng,biqitabufenhanyoujiaoduodetangfen、澱粉等。節的髓部與其上下節中心腔分界處具有肥厚細胞壁的石細胞層,稱橫隔壁,將兩個中心腔隔開。葉、分蘖及根的輸導組織都在莖內彙合,因此節內維管束的配置比較複雜。節間的橫剖麵可分為表皮、下皮、薄壁組織、weiguanshuhejixiezuzhigebufen。neibuyouzhongxinqiang,waibuyouzonggou,meigejiejianxiabuyounenbufenyoufenshengzuzhi,chengjujianfenshengzuzhi,youyeqiaobaohu。jingjieshidaozhutineishuqixitongdeshuniu,gefangmiandetongqizuzhizaicixianghuliantong,jiebutongqizuzhihaiyugendepicengxibaoxianglian,suoyizhezhongcongyepiandaogenxijianyijingjiebutongqizuzhiweishuniudewanshandeshuqixitongshihanshengheguleizuowusuomeiyoude。
3.葉
互生於莖的兩側,為1/2葉序。主莖葉數與莖節數一致,其數目多少與品種、生育期有直接關係。早熟品種約有9~13片葉;中熟品種約有14~16片葉;晚熟品種的葉數在16片以上。稻葉可分為葉鞘和葉片兩部分,在其交界處有葉枕、yeerheyeshe。fayashizuixianchuxiandeweiyaqiao,qicizaijingjishangchangchuyipianbuwanquanye,meiyouyepian,chengtongzhuang,yixiashuncichangchuyouyeqiaoheyepiandewanquanye。yeqiaofenbiaopi、薄壁組織、維管束和機械組織等部分。整個葉鞘卷抱在莖的周圍,在鞘的兩緣重合部分為膜狀,鞘呈綠色或紅、紫zi色se,也ye能neng營ying光guang合he作zuo用yong。葉ye舌she為wei膜mo狀zhuang,無wu色se。葉ye耳er較jiao小xiao由you較jiao肥fei厚hou的de薄bo壁bi細xi胞bao組zu成cheng,邊bian緣yuan有you茸rong毛mao,在zai葉ye鞘qiao上shang端duan環huan抱bao莖jing稈gan,葉ye枕zhen與yu葉ye片pian主zhu脈mai連lian接jie成cheng三san角jiao形xing。葉ye片pian上shang有you平ping行xing的de葉ye脈mai,剖pou麵mian分fen表biao皮pi、薄壁組織、機械組織和大小維管束等部分,表皮有表皮細胞、茸毛、氣qi孔kong和he泡pao狀zhuang細xi胞bao。氣qi孔kong排pai列lie整zheng齊qi,莖jing稈gan上shang部bu的de葉ye氣qi孔kong較jiao多duo,同tong一yi葉ye中zhong亦yi以yi先xian端duan較jiao多duo,表biao麵mian比bi背bei麵mian多duo。葉ye肉rou細xi胞bao中zhong含han很hen多duo葉ye綠lv體ti,光guang合he作zuo用yong在zai葉ye綠lv體ti內nei進jin行xing。葉ye片pian的de長chang短duan、大小、彎直和葉色濃淡,都因品種類型、環境條件和栽培措施而不同.
4.穗
為複總狀花序,由穗軸(主梗)、一次枝梗、二次枝梗(間或有三次枝梗)、小穗梗和小穗組成。穗軸上一般有8~15個穗節,穗頸節為最下1個穗節。每個穗節上著生1個枝梗。每個枝梗上著生若幹個小穗梗,小穗梗末端著生1個小穗,即穎花。小穗基部有兩個穎片,退化呈兩個小突起,稱副護穎。每個小穗有3朵小花,隻有上部1朵小花發育正常,下部兩朵小花退化,各剩1個穎片,稱為護穎。水稻穎花包括內外穎各1個,雄蕊6枚,漿片2枚和雌蕊1枚。雄蕊有花絲和花藥兩部分,雌蕊由二裂的帚狀柱頭、花柱和子房組成。
5.穀粒和米粒
穎花受精結實成穀粒。穀粒一般內部含l粒糙米,即穎果。複粒品種含2~3lishenzhigengduo。caomiwaibuyouneiwaiyingbaobeideguke,qibianyuanhuxianggouhe,gouhedefengxianzaibianxingdaolidezhongjianerbuzailiangbian,ciweidaoshudefenleitezheng。yingseyinpinzhongeryi,yibanweiganhuangse,yeyouhuang、棕、褐、紅、紫、條斑等色,穎的頂端為穎尖,有稈黃、黃、褐、淡黑褐、紫黑褐等色,為品種重要特征。穎的表麵有鉤狀或針狀茸毛。米粒與穀粒形狀近似,有橢圓形、闊卵形、短圓形、直背形、新月形等。米色有白、乳白、紅、紫等色。米粒構造分果皮、種皮、糊粉層、peiruhepeidengbufen。midesesuzaizhongpinei。peiruzaizhongpizhinei,zhanmilizuidabufen,youhandianfendexibaozuzhigoucheng。peiyouluanxibaodeluanhetongjingyushoujinghoufayuercheng,weixindeyoujitideyuanshiti,youpeizhou、盾片、胚芽、胚芽鞘、胚根等組成。
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