對dui於yu底di墒shang不bu足zu的de早zao播bo麥mai田tian,可ke在zai分fen蘖nie期qi澆jiao水shui,若ruo土tu壤rang肥fei力li不bu足zu可ke適shi當dang追zhui施shi少shao量liang化hua肥fei,促cu苗miao早zao發fa,以yi利li幼you苗miao安an全quan越yue冬dong。對dui於yu晚wan播bo麥mai田tian的de管guan理li應ying以yi提ti高gao地di溫wen和he保bao墒shang為wei主zhu,可ke進jin行xing中zhong耕geng鬆song土tu,苗miao期qi不bu宜yi澆jiao水shui,否fou則ze會hui降jiang低di地di溫wen,影ying響xiang苗miao情qing升sheng級ji轉zhuan化hua。
適時適量冬灌
冬(dong)小(xiao)麥(mai)適(shi)時(shi)冬(dong)灌(guan),一(yi)是(shi)能(neng)平(ping)抑(yi)地(di)溫(wen),形(xing)成(cheng)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)環(huan)境(jing),調(tiao)節(jie)耕(geng)層(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)養(yang)分(fen),提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)熱(re)容(rong)量(liang),促(cu)進(jin)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)根(gen)且(qie)多(duo)分(fen)蘖(nie),育(yu)出(chu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)。二(er)是(shi)冬(dong)灌(guan)不(bu)僅(jin)有(you)利(li)於(yu)防(fang)止(zhi)凍(dong)害(hai)死(si)苗(miao)和(he)越(yue)冬(dong)保(bao)苗(miao),還(hai)能(neng)減(jian)輕(qing)早(zao)春(chun)寒(han)害(hai)、hanhaihewendujuliebianhuadailaidebuliyingxiang,tongshiyeshiyufangxiaomaidongchunsimiaodezhongyaocuoshi。sanshinengchenshiturang,xiaomieyuedonghaichong。sishidongshuidongfeixiangjiehe,keweiyichunxiaomaifanqinghegenxishengchangchuangzaolianghaotiaojian,tigaoshengchansudu,gaishanpinzhi,zengjiachanliang。ciwai,yanjiandimaitiandongguan,haikeyiyajiangaitu。jutiaozha,dongguanbiweidongguandedongxiaomai,musuishuzengjia12.3萬穗,穗粒數增加6.7粒,千粒重提高1.3克,可增產27%。
適時鎮壓
鎮壓可破碎土團、彌實裂縫、踏實土壤,使麥根和土壤緊實結合,促進根係發育。此外,鎮壓還有提墒、保墒作用。
適當覆蓋
冬季鋪沙蓋麥、破po土tu蓋gai麥mai,可ke以yi加jia深shen分fen蘖nie節jie的de入ru土tu深shen度du和he保bao護hu近jin地di層ceng的de葉ye片pian,減jian少shao土tu壤rang水shui分fen蒸zheng發fa,改gai善shan分fen蘖nie節jie處chu的de水shui分fen狀zhuang況kuang,起qi到dao保bao溫wen防fang凍dong的de作zuo用yong,一yi般ban覆fu土tu1~2厘米厚即可起到較好的防凍保苗效果。覆土的麥田在春季要及時清壟,在氣溫達5℃時(shi)將(jiang)土(tu)清(qing)出(chu)田(tian)埂(geng)。對(dui)於(yu)抗(kang)寒(han)性(xing)差(cha)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong),播(bo)種(zhong)淺(qian)且(qie)墒(shang)情(qing)差(cha)的(de)麥(mai)田(tian)應(ying)及(ji)早(zao)蓋(gai)土(tu)。越(yue)冬(dong)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai),可(ke)增(zeng)溫(wen)保(bao)墒(shang),有(you)效(xiao)地(di)防(fang)止(zhi)凍(dong)害(hai),促(cu)進(jin)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang),從(cong)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)植(zhi)株(zhu)分(fen)蘖(nie)並(bing)促(cu)使(shi)其(qi)發(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)大(da)蘖(nie),提(ti)高(gao)分(fen)蘖(nie)成(cheng)穗(sui)率(lv)。蓋(gai)膜(mo)時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)氣(qi)溫(wen)降(jiang)至(zhi)3℃時為宜,蓋早了容易徒長,蓋晚了葉片易受凍。晚播麥可在播後隨即蓋膜。
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