小麥:小麥種子喜陰不喜陽,因此在伏天儲藏時應放在背陰通風處。其變化規律是先出汗然後長白斑,最後變為黑色而不能做種子使用。
儲藏技術。小麥種子比較容易儲藏,但越夏儲藏的小麥應加強檢查。小麥吸濕性強、籽粒皮薄、組織疏鬆,一般紅皮、硬質小麥比白皮、軟質小麥的吸濕性差。因此,安全含水量在12%yixiademaizhongkejiaochangshijianbaochizhongzishenghuoli。xiaomaizhongzikesanchuhedaichu。sanchushicaiyongdiwenmibiyagaichuzang,daichushijiangzhongzihanshuiliangjiangdaoanquanhanshuiliangyixia,xiatianhuoqiutianrucangqianyaoguoyicishai,liqiuhoudaocangyici,quebaozhongzizhiliang。
玉米:玉米是大粒大胚種子,易發熱,胚占體積的30%以上,占粒重的10%~12%,因(yin)種(zhong)胚(pei)大(da)種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)呼(hu)吸(xi)旺(wang)盛(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)和(he)溫(wen)度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)禾(he)穀(gu)類(lei)種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)呼(hu)吸(xi)強(qiang)度(du)大(da),因(yin)易(yi)發(fa)熱(re)導(dao)致(zhi)種(zhong)子(zi)變(bian)質(zhi)。此(ci)外(wai),玉(yu)米(mi)種(zhong)子(zi)胚(pei)部(bu)還(hai)含(han)有(you)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)糖(tang),種(zhong)皮(pi)又(you)薄(bo),因(yin)此(ci)易(yi)生(sheng)黴(mei)造(zao)成(cheng)種(zhong)子(zi)變(bian)質(zhi)。
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儲chu藏zang技ji術shu。根gen據ju玉yu米mi種zhong子zi的de性xing質zhi及ji變bian化hua規gui律lv,其qi儲chu藏zang方fang法fa通tong常chang采cai用yong穗sui儲chu法fa和he粒li儲chu法fa。但dan穗sui儲chu法fa占zhan體ti積ji較jiao大da,倉cang容rong利li用yong率lv低di,因yin而er其qi越yue夏xia儲chu藏zang常chang采cai用yong粒li儲chu法fa,一yi般ban氣qi溫wen在zai15℃~25℃時,水分需在14%以下。據試驗,玉米種含水量降低到12.5%,儲藏0.5~1.5年種子的活力可達99%以上,發芽率達97%~98%。而降低種子水分的最有效措施是通風。
定期檢查,做到三溫兩濕,使種子處於良好狀態。三溫即氣溫、倉溫、種溫,一般情況下影響種溫變化的主要因素是倉溫,而影響倉溫變化的又是氣溫。當氣溫低、種zhong溫wen高gao時shi可ke在zai清qing晨chen開kai動dong排pai風feng扇shan,使shi倉cang內nei形xing成cheng負fu壓ya,冷leng空kong氣qi從cong通tong風feng口kou進jin入ru種zhong子zi堆dui,使shi種zhong子zi降jiang溫wen,同tong時shi還hai能neng階jie低di種zhong子zi含han水shui量liang。兩liang濕shi即ji氣qi濕shi和he倉cang濕shi。倉cang內nei濕shi度du的de高gao低di與yu種zhong子zi含han水shui量liang有you密mi切qie關guan係xi,在zai一yi定ding的de溫wen度du條tiao件jian下xia,種zhong子zi的de吸xi濕shi與yu散san濕shi取qu決jue於yu倉cang內nei相xiang對dui濕shi度du的de大da小xiao。而er倉cang濕shi又you受shou氣qi濕shi的de影ying響xiang。所suo以yi,根gen據ju三san溫wen兩liang濕shi的de變bian化hua規gui律lv,合he理li地di通tong風feng或huo密mi閉bi倉cang庫ku,保bao持chi較jiao低di的de溫wen濕shi狀zhuang態tai,使shi種zhong子zi處chu於yu低di溫wen、幹燥環境下可延長種子壽命。
防蟲、防鼠。防蟲治蟲是種子越夏儲藏的大難題。危害種子的倉蟲主要有米象、大穀盜、小穀盜、麥蛾及粉斑螟等,多數倉蟲喜歡在溫暖、chaoshidedifangshengchangfanzhi,yincikeyitongguojiangdicangneiwenshidulaikongzhicangchongdefasheng。duoshucangchongyouxihuanzaidingbubiaocenghuodongdexixing,genjuzheyitedian,kezaizhongzibiaocengshedianjianzha。dangzhongziganrancangchonghou,yinggenjucangchongdezhongleiheweihaichengduyongxunzhengfazhichong,yekeyiyongdueryousha,jibachaoshudemaifupenshang5%的敵敵畏或10%的敵百蟲後曬幹,放在倉蟲經常活動的種子表層及四周,可有效地殺死害蟲。另外,在種子入庫前用磷化鋁熏蒸,用量為1.5克/平方米,熏後密封36~72小時,然後通風散毒,也可起預防蟲害的作用。防鼠,可在老鼠經常活動的地方放上鼠藥,確保種子不受損害。
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