香xiang蔥cong疫yi病bing主zhu要yao為wei害hai蔥cong葉ye和he花hua梗geng。蔥cong葉ye染ran病bing初chu期qi出chu現xian青qing白bai不bu明ming顯xian的de斑ban點dian,擴kuo大da後hou成cheng為wei灰hui白bai色se斑ban,沿yan蔥cong葉ye縱zong向xiang蔓man延yan,很hen快kuai成cheng為wei長chang形xing白bai斑ban,寬kuan度du超chao過guo蔥cong管guan周zhou長chang一yi半ban,甚shen至zhi更geng大da;造成蔥葉下重、枯萎;陰雨連綿或濕度大時,病部長出白色棉毛狀黴;天氣幹燥時白狀消失,但撕開病葉仍可見蔥管葉內側有棉毛狀的白色菌絲體。
該gai病bing由you一yi種zhong稱cheng煙yan草cao疫yi黴mei的de真zhen菌jun引yin起qi,是shi致zhi病bing力li很hen強qiang的de惡e性xing傳chuan染ran病bing害hai,病bing菌jun以yi孢bao子zi或huo菌jun絲si體ti在zai病bing殘can體ti內nei越yue冬dong,溫wen暖nuan的de冬dong季ji裏li病bing菌jun可ke以yi周zhou年nian浸jin染ran,苗miao種zhong的de蔥cong頭tou也ye可ke以yi帶dai有you病bing菌jun,病bing菌jun孢bao子zi可ke借jie風feng雨yu和he氣qi流liu傳chuan播bo,孢bao子zi萌meng發fa後hou產chan生sheng芽ya管guan,穿chuan透tou蔥cong葉ye表biao皮pi直zhi接jie侵qin入ru寄ji主zhu,高gao溫wen高gao濕shi條tiao件jian下xia很hen快kuai造zao成cheng香xiang蔥cong發fa病bing,並bing在zai病bing斑ban產chan生sheng孢bao子zi迅xun速su傳chuan染ran,擴kuo大da為wei害hai,25—32℃最適合發病。高溫高濕陰雨連綿,該病最易流行;種植密度大,地勢低窪田間積水都利於發病;施用化肥過多,氮肥偏重,植株軟弱時發病更重。
防治香蔥疫病首先要求種植地排水良好,高畦深溝整地,雨水及時排水降低田間濕度;徹che底di清qing除chu田tian間jian病bing殘can株zhu和he實shi行xing與yu非fei蔥cong蒜suan類lei蔬shu菜cai輪lun作zuo,采cai用yong合he理li配pei方fang施shi肥fei,增zeng加jia磷lin鉀jia肥fei和he微wei量liang元yuan素su肥fei,避bi免mian偏pian施shi氮dan肥fei。施shi用yong草cao木mu灰hui也ye有you利li於yu提ti高gao抗kang病bing力li。一yi旦dan發fa現xian疫yi情qing出chu現xian必bi須xu立li即ji抓zhua緊jin時shi間jian,選xuan用yong如ru下xia藥yao劑ji噴pen灑sa防fang治zhi:霜盡(60%烯酰嗎啉錳鋅可濕性粉)800—1000倍、天克錳鋅(60%可濕性粉)700—800倍、霜露速淨(72%可濕性粉)1000—1200倍、卡黴通(64%可濕性粉)700—800倍、瑞毒黴(58%可濕性粉)500—600倍,最好每7天噴一次,連續2—3次。另外,百可寧(40%懸浮劑)、乙膦鋁錳鋅(70%可濕性粉)、佳達寧等藥劑對該病都有較好的防治效果。
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