香(xiang)蔥(cong)疫(yi)病(bing)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)害(hai)蔥(cong)葉(ye)和(he)花(hua)梗(geng)。蔥(cong)葉(ye)染(ran)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian)青(qing)白(bai)不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)斑(ban)點(dian),擴(kuo)大(da)後(hou)成(cheng)為(wei)灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)斑(ban),沿(yan)蔥(cong)葉(ye)縱(zong)向(xiang)蔓(man)延(yan),很(hen)快(kuai)成(cheng)為(wei)長(chang)形(xing)白(bai)斑(ban),寬(kuan)度(du)超(chao)過(guo)蔥(cong)管(guan)周(zhou)長(chang)一(yi)半(ban),甚(shen)至(zhi)更(geng)大(da);造成蔥葉下重、枯萎;陰雨連綿或濕度大時,病部長出白色棉毛狀黴;天氣幹燥時白狀消失,但撕開病葉仍可見蔥管葉內側有棉毛狀的白色菌絲體。
gaibingyouyizhongchengyancaoyimeidezhenjunyinqi,shizhibinglihenqiangdeexingchuanranbinghai,bingjunyibaozihuojunsitizaibingcantineiyuedong,wennuandedongjilibingjunkeyizhounianjinran,miaozhongdecongtouyekeyidaiyoubingjun,bingjunbaozikejiefengyuheqiliuchuanbo,baozimengfahouchanshengyaguan,chuantoucongyebiaopizhijieqinrujizhu,gaowengaoshitiaojianxiahenkuaizaochengxiangcongfabing,bingzaibingbanchanshengbaozixunsuchuanran,kuodaweihai,25—32℃最適合發病。高溫高濕陰雨連綿,該病最易流行;種植密度大,地勢低窪田間積水都利於發病;施用化肥過多,氮肥偏重,植株軟弱時發病更重。
防治香蔥疫病首先要求種植地排水良好,高畦深溝整地,雨水及時排水降低田間濕度;徹(che)底(di)清(qing)除(chu)田(tian)間(jian)病(bing)殘(can)株(zhu)和(he)實(shi)行(xing)與(yu)非(fei)蔥(cong)蒜(suan)類(lei)蔬(shu)菜(cai)輪(lun)作(zuo),采(cai)用(yong)合(he)理(li)配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei),增(zeng)加(jia)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)和(he)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)肥(fei),避(bi)免(mian)偏(pian)施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)。施(shi)用(yong)草(cao)木(mu)灰(hui)也(ye)有(you)利(li)於(yu)提(ti)高(gao)抗(kang)病(bing)力(li)。一(yi)旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)疫(yi)情(qing)出(chu)現(xian)必(bi)須(xu)立(li)即(ji)抓(zhua)緊(jin)時(shi)間(jian),選(xuan)用(yong)如(ru)下(xia)藥(yao)劑(ji)噴(pen)灑(sa)防(fang)治(zhi):霜盡(60%烯酰嗎啉錳鋅可濕性粉)800—1000倍、天克錳鋅(60%可濕性粉)700—800倍、霜露速淨(72%可濕性粉)1000—1200倍、卡黴通(64%可濕性粉)700—800倍、瑞毒黴(58%可濕性粉)500—600倍,最好每7天噴一次,連續2—3次。另外,百可寧(40%懸浮劑)、乙膦鋁錳鋅(70%可濕性粉)、佳達寧等藥劑對該病都有較好的防治效果。
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