一、溫wen度du管guan理li蔬shu菜cai生sheng育yu期qi中zhong有you一yi係xi列lie的de適shi溫wen指zhi標biao。溫wen度du過guo高gao，會hui明ming顯xian影ying響xiang授shou粉fen
，造zao成cheng落luo花hua落luo果guo。尤you其qi是shi夜ye溫wen偏pian高gao會hui造zao成cheng徒tu長chang，如ru最zui近jin在zai鹿lu泉quan市shi大da河he鄉xiang一yi個ge棚peng的de越yue冬dong茬cha黃huang瓜gua就jiu發fa生sheng徒tu長chang，徒tu長chang株zhu莖jing節jie長chang但dan不bu掛gua瓜gua。冬dong季ji往wang往wang是shi溫wen度du偏pian低di，調tiao查zha表biao明ming最zui近jin連lian陰yin天tian，棚peng內nei早zao晨chen僅jin6-9℃deqiwen，congerzaochenghangen
，huangguadegenchengshuizizhuang，sidonghuaidebailuobu。wendupiandihaibiaoxianyesebuzhengchang
，guoshijixing，tebieshidongjiyumiaoqi，ruguomeiyoushiyidewendu
，jiangyingxianghuayafenhua，zaochengjinhoudejixingguo，yincimeinianchunjieqiandefanqiedeyisuiguojixingguolvpiangao。yinciyidingyaozuohaobaowengongzuo。keyitongguozaiyejianfugaibaowenwurujiagaicaoshan

，huoshenghuoludengfangfalaitigaopengneidewendu。zhelitebiexuyaozhichudeshi
，pengshineiqiewuminghuojiawen

，yaoshezhihuodao，huodaodejiekouyaofengyan，yifangyouhaiqitixieloudaopengshinei，erfashengren、菜中毒的事件。

 

　　二
、光guang照zhao管guan理li光guang照zhao是shi直zhi接jie影ying響xiang棚peng室shi溫wen度du的de因yin素su
，當dang光guang照zhao缺que乏fa時shi，也ye就jiu是shi大da霧wu或huo連lian陰yin天tian發fa生sheng時shi，棚peng中zhong缺que溫wen少shao光guang，蔬shu菜cai的de光guang合he作zuo用yong低di
，植zhi株zhu衰shuai弱ruo，可ke表biao現xian落luo花hua落luo果guo，畸ji形xing、裂果。去年12月底，正定縣蟠桃村小番茄普遍發生裂果，發生於紅熟果上
，就是是低溫、ruoguangshiguopimushuanhuajiaju，erguoroujixushengchangshijiangguopichengpozaochengde。lingwaitiaozhafaxian
，huangguayumiaoqiyudaolianyintian，weilemiaochuangbaowen，pengshibaitianyebujiecaolianzi，shimiaochuangzhengtianheian，youyuheianzhizhongyoumiaomeiyouguanghewuzhijilei
，huxizuoyongjiaoqiang


，tineiyingyangxiaohaoda，kanghannenglijiuruo，shoudongdechengdubishidangjiecaoliangeiguangdeyoumiaoyanzhong。zuijinzailuquanshihuangguapengtiaozhafashengdadugua，yuanyinjiushiduoriyintian，meiyoulalianjianguang，yincitichangbuxiaxuedeyintianzaipengwenyunxudetiaojianxia
，yeyingshidangliyong4-5個小時的散射光來給植物光照，或拉燈補光。

 

　　三

、shifeiguanlizailuquanshitiaozhashifaxian
，yigepengdimianshangyoudakuaideyoujifei，yifangmianshuomingfeiliaomeiyoushidaotuzhonggonggeizhizhushiyong
，yifangmianfanyingfeiliaoshishengfen。yincimuqianyoujifeideshiyongpubiancunzaiweichongfenfushudeyanzhongwenti。youyizhong“生糞有勁”deshuofa
，qishishicuowude。weifushudejifenzhongdeniaosuanjianleihuahewu
，jiaoshuihoufenjieweianqi，daozhiyezishouhaishuizizhuang
，houyegankudeanhai。lingwaifeiliaoguoduo
，genxishouhai
，jiwomenchangshuodeshaogen。haiyouyigegengweiyanzhongdehouguojiushiduanshijianneidaliangchongshifeiliao，zaochengturangzhongyetidenongduguogao，genxifashengfanshenshui，zhizhutuoshuierchuxianwenti，ruzengjingfashenghuangguachongshifeiliaohou，chuxianshengchangdianqingkudesuanjianduzhangaibingqing。cizhongqingxinghaikeyinfazhizhuweiniansiwang。ershengfenhuidailaixuduochongluanbingjun
，kenengpengliyuanlaimeiyoumouzhongbingchong
，youmeiyouzhongzihuoqitachuanbokenengdeqingkuangxia
，fenfeijiuzuyijiangbingchongdairupengnei，bingqiemanyankailai。ruchangjiandeqiezihuangweibingjiushishiruweifushudaijunfeiliaochuanranzaochengchuanrande。

 

　　四、澆水管理蔬菜的各個時期需水量不同，不同蔬菜的需水量也不同，如黃瓜、白菜的葉麵積大，但根係不強大
，應經常澆水。茄果類
、豆類根係比黃瓜、baicaishen

，xishounengliqiang，jiaoshuiliangyingshaoxiaoyidian。shucaidedingzhihuanmiaoqijunyaojingguodunmiao
，qizuoyongshitingzhijiaoshuishiturangshusongtouqi，cujingenxifayu
，huayafenhua，dangdunmiaojieshuhou，caigongyingchongzushuifei。rufanqiedunmiaodaodiyisuiguohetaoda
，dunmiaoqijiankongshui、控肥。蔬菜果期的澆水經驗是在植株根圍下5厘(li)米(mi)抓(zhua)一(yi)把(ba)土(tu)，手(shou)握(wo)成(cheng)團(tuan)，從(cong)一(yi)米(mi)處(chu)落(luo)下(xia)，散(san)開(kai)應(ying)澆(jiao)水(shui)，落(luo)地(di)不(bu)散(san)開(kai)時(shi)不(bu)澆(jiao)水(shui)。而(er)土(tu)壤(rang)過(guo)幹(gan)旱(han)

，造(zao)成(cheng)最(zui)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)病(bing)害(hai)是(shi)番(fan)茄(qie)的(de)臍(qi)腐(fu)病(bing)
，雖(sui)然(ran)根(gen)本(ben)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)缺(que)鈣(gai)，但(dan)問(wen)題(ti)出(chu)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)過(guo)幹(gan)影(ying)響(xiang)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)，並(bing)不(bu)是(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)缺(que)乏(fa)鈣(gai)元(yuan)素(su)
；澆jiao水shui過guo多duo會hui發fa生sheng心xin葉ye黃huang
，原yuan因yin是shi水shui大da悶men根gen
，也ye就jiu是shi土tu壤rang中zhong缺que氧yang氣qi。但dan以yi上shang講jiang的de是shi常chang規gui時shi期qi的de澆jiao水shui
，冬dong季ji發fa生sheng長chang期qi寡gua光guang照zhao的de不bu良liang氣qi候hou時shi，澆jiao水shui的de原yuan則ze就jiu要yao改gai變bian，因yin為wei本ben來lai地di溫wen就jiu低di，根gen係xi往wang往wang已yi經jing受shou到dao傷shang害hai，再zai澆jiao水shui加jia重zhong對dui根gen的de傷shang害hai
，如ru最zui近jin鹿lu泉quan的de黃huang瓜gua發fa生sheng萎wei蔫nian，一yi些xie農nong戶hu認ren為wei是shi缺que水shui，觀guan察cha表biao明ming棚peng溫wen白bai天tian有you太tai陽yang時shi才cai20℃
，陰天時才6-9℃，溫wen度du不bu適shi宜yi黃huang瓜gua生sheng長chang，出chu現xian葉ye子zi黃huang，植zhi株zhu弱ruo，澆jiao過guo水shui後hou病bing症zheng根gen本ben沒mei有you減jian輕qing，黃huang瓜gua仍reng然ran萎wei蔫nian。而er其qi它ta棚peng是shi晴qing天tian葉ye麵mian噴pen水shui
，對dui植zhi株zhu有you減jian輕qing萎wei蔫nian的de作zuo用yong。

 

　　五、防病治蟲用藥管理保護地生產蔬菜處於特殊環境，溫度
、濕度和土壤如沒有調控合適，即使封閉時外界病蟲不能傳入，土壤、zhongzizishenyedaijun

，zhezhonghuanjingsuiranbuliyushucaishengchang，danqueshifenliyubinghaichonghaidefanzhi，tebieshishenglixingbinghaidefashenggengshibiludiyanzhong。yincibaohudishucaibinghaifashengbiludigengpubian
、pinlvgenggao，xuyaofangzhidecishugengduo。danyongyaoshoudaobaohudigexiangtiaojiandexianzhi
，rulianyintianweikongzhishidu，yibanbunengpenwu，genbuguanyaoyeshouxianzhi。ershenglixingbinghaideyongyaoyidingyaozhuyixietiaoxing
，yinweizhizhubijiaoruo，yongyaobudanzhenduibingzhengbenshen，haiyaokaolvzhizhuxishounengliheyubingzhengzhiwaideyingxiangyinsu。fangzhifangmianyingxietiaoduozhongfangfa，shouxianfangzhongyuzhi，ruyibingyufangyongkejia，fabingqianyongliangci
；第di二er，做zuo好hao種zhong子zi處chu理li，如ru去qu年nian冬dong季ji的de蔬shu菜cai病bing毒du病bing發fa生sheng比bi往wang年nian嚴yan重zhong，其qi主zhu要yao原yuan因yin是shi種zhong子zi帶dai毒du，如ru辣la椒jiao發fa生sheng嚴yan重zhong病bing毒du病bing，雖sui然ran種zhong子zi是shi包bao衣yi處chu理li過guo，但dan沒mei有you針zhen對dui病bing毒du作zuo溫wen湯tang浸jin種zhong或huo10%磷酸三鈉處理
，所以仍然發病；第三
，土壤
、棚室的以及工具消毒也重要，番茄葉黴等病菌就會在棚內的支架等地存活
，土壤的病菌可以存活好多年，如根結線蟲存活2-3年
；第di四si
，交jiao替ti輪lun換huan用yong藥yao，避bi免mian抗kang藥yao性xing的de產chan生sheng
，如ru灰hui黴mei病bing的de用yong藥yao，由you於yu連lian續xu多duo年nian單dan用yong速su克ke靈ling

，病bing菌jun產chan生sheng了le明ming顯xian抗kang藥yao性xing，應ying改gai換huan其qi它ta藥yao劑ji
，如ru施shi佳jia樂le、防黴寶等

；第五
，多種方法並舉，如煙粉虱防治利用煙粉虱對深黃色有強的趨性，在田間掛上深黃色板，再塗上10號機油
，板下沿與植株頂平行。10天清一次誘到的小白蛾，再重塗機油。另外用熏煙劑與噴藥結合殺蟲，交叉用2-3次ci。還hai有you一yi個ge最zui重zhong要yao的de方fang麵mian是shi為wei確que保bao無wu公gong害hai蔬shu菜cai生sheng產chan，對dui混hun配pei藥yao劑ji使shi用yong要yao慎shen重zhong
，最zui近jin一yi地di監jian測ce蔬shu菜cai質zhi量liang就jiu發fa現xian混hun配pei藥yao劑ji中zhong有you禁jin用yong成cheng分fen。因yin此ci選xuan藥yao時shi用yong正zheng規gui廠chang家jia產chan品pin，從cong來lai沒mei有you用yong過guo的de產chan品pin可ke小xiao範fan圍wei試shi驗yan用yong一yi下xia。