近年來在番茄生產中,各地都有發現“臍腐病”的de症zheng狀zhuang。此ci症zheng的de表biao現xian是shi在zai茄qie果guo膨peng大da期qi,由you於yu果guo實shi臍qi部bu向xiang下xia,見jian不bu到dao太tai陽yang的de部bu分fen顏yan色se變bian褐he,有you的de幹gan枯ku,有you的de腐fu爛lan,對dui產chan量liang影ying響xiang很hen大da,品pin質zhi更geng是shi談tan不bu上shang了le。在分析番茄臍腐病的發生條件時,人們發現施肥不當與“臍腐病”的出現有著明顯關係。
國guo內nei外wai的de研yan究jiu已yi經jing明ming確que番fan茄qie臍qi腐fu病bing是shi番fan茄qie生sheng理li缺que鈣gai嚴yan重zhong所suo引yin起qi的de次ci生sheng症zheng狀zhuang。番fan茄qie缺que鈣gai病bing造zao成cheng腐fu爛lan的de特te定ding部bu位wei是shi在zai果guo臍qi部bu分fen。由you於yu這zhe裏li是shi植zhi物wu蒸zheng騰teng作zuo用yong最zui弱ruo的de部bu位wei,而er鈣gai在zai體ti內nei的de運yun輸shu主zhu要yao靠kao蒸zheng騰teng拉la力li,因yin此ci鈣gai運yun輸shu不bu到dao臍qi部bu造zao成cheng臍qi部bu缺que鈣gai最zui嚴yan重zhong。
從cong目mu前qian的de施shi肥fei現xian狀zhuang看kan,在zai番fan茄qie生sheng產chan中zhong普pu遍bian存cun在zai著zhe少shao施shi或huo不bu施shi有you機ji肥fei,而er單dan靠kao施shi化hua肥fei求qiu增zeng產chan的de偏pian向xiang,而er在zai化hua肥fei施shi用yong上shang,又you出chu現xian偏pian施shi重zhong施shi氮dan肥fei,少shao施shi磷lin鉀jia肥fei等deng中zhong微wei量liang元yuan素su的de營ying養yang失shi衡heng問wen題ti,這zhe是shi造zao成cheng番fan茄qie臍qi腐fu病bing近jin年nian來lai頻pin繁fan發fa生sheng的de外wai在zai原yuan因yin。
調整施肥、預防“臍腐病”發生,還要談談番茄的營養特點:其qi一yi,番fan茄qie產chan量liang高gao,需xu肥fei量liang大da,屬shu於yu無wu限xian生sheng長chang類lei型xing,番fan茄qie的de果guo實shi采cai收shou期qi長chang,隨sui著zhe采cai收shou養yang分fen不bu斷duan攜xie出chu,需xu要yao邊bian采cai收shou,邊bian補bu充chong養yang分fen,才cai能neng滿man足zu不bu斷duan開kai花hua結jie果guo的de需xu要yao。其qi二er,番fan茄qie對dui鉀jia、鈣、鎂的需求量比較大,尤其是在果實膨大期。番茄對這幾種主要養分元素吸收量的大小排列順序為鉀>鈣>氮>磷>鎂。正因為番茄有以上的營養需求特點,所以在施肥上應該注意以下幾點:
1.重視苗床施肥做到“胎裏富”,最好施用有機肥加化肥。化肥的施用要控氮增加磷肥的比例,尤其磷肥品種以選用普鈣或鈣鎂磷肥為優。
2.jifeishenshi,youjifeiyuwujifeijiehe,zaibushiyoujifeideqingkuangxia,huafeipinzhongbuyidingxuanzegaonongdufuhefei,gengbuyidingxuanzegaotazaoligaodanfuhefei,eryaoxuanzedanzhidanfeijiapugailinfei,jiafeiyongliusuanjiahuolvhuajiadouke。suanxingtudiqudelinfeixuanze“鈣鎂磷肥”為佳。
3.追肥主要施用氮鉀肥,注意肥水結合,追肥次數分第一果膨大期的催果肥;第二、三穗果膨大期的壯果肥。追施3~4次。
4.進jin入ru盛sheng果guo期qi後hou,根gen係xi衰shuai弱ruo吸xi肥fei能neng力li下xia降jiang,可ke以yi采cai用yong根gen外wai噴pen肥fei的de方fang法fa,噴pen施shi磷lin酸suan二er氫qing鉀jia,硝xiao酸suan鈣gai,硼peng砂sha和he尿niao素su等deng成cheng分fen的de水shui溶rong液ye,有you利li於yu後hou期qi壯zhuang株zhu壯zhuang果guo,減jian少shao臍qi腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng。
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