冬季,隻要解決好升溫保濕與通風之間的矛盾,食用菌就能獲得較理想的產量。
合理升溫 以平菇為例,平菇低於5℃不再生長,即使低溫型菌株如2006、特抗1號等,盡管在4℃左右不至於發生生理性病害,但也需要10℃以上的溫度才能長得好。因此,冬季生產中的升溫與保濕,便成為至關重要的管理任務。一般溫度的提高通過日光增溫、棚內生火爐等方式即可解決。但生火爐增溫時,大多數菇農常怕 “跑了熱氣”而er密mi閉bi菇gu棚peng,結jie果guo導dao致zhi通tong風feng嚴yan重zhong不bu良liang,二er氧yang化hua碳tan積ji聚ju,濕shi度du居ju高gao不bu下xia,在zai產chan生sheng畸ji形xing菇gu的de同tong時shi,也ye會hui引yin致zhi某mou些xie浸jin染ran性xing病bing害hai的de發fa生sheng。生sheng產chan中zhong常chang見jian的de茶cha花hua菇gu、拐棍菇、菜花菇等均因此而發生,一些浸染性病害如腐爛病等,也與通風不良、濕度過高有著密切的關係。解決辦法:自然條件下,晴好天氣時,上午10時後開始通風,至14shizuoyoujieshu。congpengneishangfanglayicengzheyangwanghuoheisebomo,jiekaicaoshanhourishaizengwen,lingreliangjinruerjiangzhisheguangdangzhu。tongfengguochengzhonghuiyoubutongchengdudejiangwen,fengliangzhiyaobushiguoda,youshifanerduichuguhezishitifayuyouyidingdecujinzuoyong。youtiaojiandekeanzhuangshuiwenkongtiao,jikeyouxiaotiaowenkongwen,youyingaishebeikeduigupengchuichuxunhuanfengershipengneikongqiqingxin,bimianleyintongfengbuliangfashengdegezhongwenti。
適度保濕 適當的基料持水和棚內的空氣濕度,統稱為水分,生產中一般分別調控在63%和85%~95%,如ru此ci才cai可ke能neng保bao證zheng菌jun絲si和he子zi實shi體ti的de正zheng常chang生sheng長chang。但dan是shi,水shui分fen隻zhi是shi食shi用yong菌jun生sheng長chang的de條tiao件jian之zhi一yi,並bing非fei唯wei一yi因yin素su,尤you其qi子zi實shi體ti生sheng長chang期qi間jian,適shi量liang的de通tong風feng是shi不bu可ke少shao的de。而er通tong風feng與yu濕shi度du的de保bao持chi是shi一yi對dui實shi際ji存cun在zai的de矛mao盾dun,通tong風feng則ze降jiang濕shi。實shi際ji上shang,一yi定ding條tiao件jian下xia,如ru冬dong季ji中zhong午wu時shi分fen,因yin適shi當dang通tong入ru高gao於yu棚peng溫wen的de空kong氣qi,可ke使shi棚peng溫wen略lve微wei升sheng高gao,並bing因yin此ci引yin發fa棚peng內nei水shui分fen的de蒸zheng發fa,使shi此ci時shi的de濕shi度du有you所suo升sheng高gao。理li論lun上shang要yao求qiu的de保bao持chi90%左(zuo)右(you)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)並(bing)未(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)濕(shi)度(du)達(da)到(dao)恒(heng)定(ding)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),如(ru)同(tong)變(bian)溫(wen)可(ke)刺(ci)激(ji)出(chu)菇(gu)一(yi)樣(yang),一(yi)定(ding)的(de)濕(shi)度(du)差(cha)有(you)時(shi)還(hai)會(hui)有(you)促(cu)進(jin)出(chu)菇(gu)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),並(bing)且(qie),在(zai)濕(shi)度(du)相(xiang)對(dui)偏(pian)低(di)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),還(hai)可(ke)抑(yi)製(zhi)某(mou)些(xie)病(bing)害(hai)的(de)存(cun)活(huo)和(he)生(sheng)長(chang),但(dan)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)子(zi)實(shi)體(ti)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)階(jie)段(duan),將(jiang)濕(shi)度(du)差(cha)控(kong)製(zhi)在(zai)10%~20%,才能取得比較理想的生產效果。
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