由you於yu冬dong季ji棚peng內nei低di溫wen高gao濕shi,發fa生sheng病bing害hai後hou難nan於yu防fang治zhi,於yu是shi很hen多duo菜cai農nong就jiu加jia大da藥yao劑ji的de使shi用yong濃nong度du,來lai增zeng強qiang防fang病bing效xiao果guo。菜cai農nong認ren為wei,用yong藥yao濃nong度du越yue大da治zhi病bing效xiao果guo越yue好hao,尤you其qi是shi在zai病bing害hai高gao發fa期qi,更geng是shi成cheng倍bei加jia大da用yong藥yao濃nong度du。
實shi踐jian證zheng明ming,加jia大da藥yao劑ji濃nong度du是shi可ke以yi提ti高gao防fang病bing效xiao果guo,但dan其qi產chan生sheng的de副fu作zuo用yong卻que不bu容rong忽hu視shi。如ru可ke以yi使shi病bing原yuan菌jun的de抗kang性xing產chan生sheng更geng快kuai,加jia重zhong了le以yi後hou防fang治zhi病bing害hai的de難nan度du;也(ye)容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)藥(yao)害(hai),影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)。所(suo)以(yi),菜(cai)農(nong)僅(jin)通(tong)過(guo)增(zeng)加(jia)藥(yao)劑(ji)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)取(qu)的(de)。要(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai),應(ying)該(gai)多(duo)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)並(bing)用(yong)、綜合防治才行。
首先是增強植株自身抗性。隨著蔬菜植株坐果越來越多,植株體內有機、無機營養缺乏,抗病能力降低,遇到陰雨天時棚內氣溫、地di溫wen降jiang低di,根gen係xi生sheng長chang受shou阻zu,植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang變bian弱ruo,抗kang病bing性xing降jiang低di,容rong易yi受shou病bing害hai侵qin染ran。所suo以yi要yao注zhu意yi培pei育yu壯zhuang棵ke,不bu能neng留liu果guo過guo多duo,導dao致zhi植zhi株zhu出chu現xian營ying養yang供gong應ying不bu足zu而er脫tuo肥fei早zao衰shuai。
其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)創(chuang)造(zao)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)棚(peng)室(shi)環(huan)境(jing)。任(ren)何(he)病(bing)害(hai)都(dou)有(you)其(qi)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)發(fa)病(bing)環(huan)境(jing),隻(zhi)有(you)環(huan)境(jing)適(shi)宜(yi),病(bing)害(hai)才(cai)可(ke)能(neng)暴(bao)發(fa),如(ru)灰(hui)黴(mei)病(bing)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)的(de)季(ji)節(jie)發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong),故(gu)冬(dong)季(ji)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)後(hou)常(chang)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)暴(bao)發(fa)。因(yin)此(ci),防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)先(xian)要(yao)調(tiao)控(kong)好(hao)棚(peng)室(shi)環(huan)境(jing),菜(cai)農(nong)可(ke)采(cai)取(qu)各(ge)項(xiang)措(cuo)施(shi),避(bi)免(mian)棚(peng)內(nei)空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)高(gao)於(yu)80%,減少病害侵染機會。同時,及時清除棚內的老葉、病葉,減少病原物,防止病害的侵染。
再zai次ci是shi交jiao替ti用yong藥yao。一yi種zhong農nong藥yao使shi用yong的de次ci數shu越yue多duo,尤you其qi是shi連lian續xu用yong藥yao時shi,病bing菌jun產chan生sheng抗kang藥yao性xing的de幾ji率lv越yue大da。很hen多duo農nong藥yao種zhong類lei,雖sui然ran開kai始shi使shi用yong時shi效xiao果guo很hen好hao,但dan連lian續xu用yong了le沒mei有you幾ji次ci,效xiao果guo就jiu大da打da折zhe扣kou,比bi如ru甲jia霜shuang靈ling等deng。所suo以yi,菜cai農nong應ying做zuo到dao交jiao替ti用yong藥yao,防fang止zhi病bing菌jun很hen快kuai產chan生sheng抗kang藥yao性xing。如ru防fang治zhi黃huang瓜gua霜shuang黴mei病bing時shi,可ke以yi將jiang霜shuang黴mei威wei鹽yan酸suan鹽yan與yu甲jia霜shuang靈ling錳meng鋅xin、烯酰嗎啉等交替使用。
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