香椿苗無性繁殖技術是利用香椿枝條、根等營養器官繁殖苗木。其特點是苗木生長快,能夠保持母樹的優良種性。
香椿無性繁殖主要有以下兩種類型:
一、根蘖育苗
根蘖育苗,又稱分株育苗。具體做法是秋季植株落葉後,或春季土壤解凍植株萌發新葉前,在母樹周圍、樹冠邊緣投影處挖深60厘米、寬30~40厘米環形溝,挖溝同時將2厘米以下根切斷,在溝中施入農家肥並澆水。水滲後用土將溝填平。翌年4~5月間母樹周圍就能萌發很多根蘖苗,數量比自然萌發的苗增加2~4倍。還可采用露根法促生根蘖苗,方法是在樹冠下挖開表土,露出根係但不斷根,即可長出根蘖苗。當苗高25~30厘米時,向根部培土15厘(li)米(mi),促(cu)生(sheng)側(ce)根(gen),育(yu)成(cheng)大(da)苗(miao)後(hou)移(yi)栽(zai)。根(gen)蘖(nie)育(yu)苗(miao)方(fang)法(fa)簡(jian)單(dan),成(cheng)本(ben)低(di),可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)持(chi)親(qin)本(ben)的(de)優(you)良(liang)性(xing)狀(zhuang),但(dan)苗(miao)量(liang)較(jiao)少(shao)。根(gen)蘖(nie)苗(miao)由(you)於(yu)萌(meng)發(fa)期(qi)不(bu)同(tong),母(mu)根(gen)粗(cu)細(xi)及(ji)所(suo)處(chu)位(wei)置(zhi)不(bu)同(tong),生(sheng)長(chang)差(cha)異(yi)很(hen)大(da),加(jia)之(zhi)根(gen)蘖(nie)苗(miao)常(chang)呈(cheng)叢(cong)生(sheng)狀(zhuang),苗(miao)木(mu)大(da)小(xiao)不(bu)同(tong),當(dang)年(nian)秋(qiu)天(tian)一(yi)般(ban)隻(zhi)有(you)20%能長到1miyishangdehegemiaomuyongyushengchan。xiaomiaoxuwachuyizaidaomiaopuzhongzaipeiyangyinianfangkeyongyishengchan。suoyishengchanzhongyaojishijianchuguomiguoxiaoyoumiao,batamenyizaidaomiaopuli,baozhengsuoliumiaoyouzugoudeshengchangkongjian。
二、根插育苗
genchayumiaoyoujiaomaigenyumiao。tashiliyongxiangchungenmengyaliqiangdetedian,jiangqizuoweifanzhicailiaopeiyumiaomudeyizhongfanzhifangfa。qiudongjijiemiaomuchupuhou,bayiliuzaimiaopudilidegenxijianchu,huocong3年以上健壯母樹上挖出側根。選0.5~1.0厘米的根條,截成長約15厘米的小段。上端(大頭)切成平麵,下端(小頭)切成斜麵,切麵要平滑。30~50條紮成一捆,下端對齊。挖深60厘米、寬100厘米、長度視根量而定的坑,底部墊10厘米樹葉或麥秸稻草,再鋪上20厘米幹淨濕河沙。將根部下端在0.05%萘乙酸溶液中蘸一下,或者用0.005%~0.01%吲哚乙酸浸泡10~20小xiao時shi,然ran後hou上shang端duan衝chong上shang,下xia端duan向xiang下xia豎shu排pai在zai沙sha層ceng上shang。根gen條tiao上shang蓋gai沙sha與yu坑keng口kou平ping,再zai覆fu蓋gai地di膜mo增zeng溫wen保bao濕shi,進jin行xing催cui芽ya。應ying注zhu意yi的de是shi沙sha子zi含han水shui量liang要yao適shi宜yi,以yi手shou握wo能neng成cheng團tuan而er不bu出chu水shui,鬆song手shou又you可ke自zi然ran散san開kai為wei度du。天tian氣qi寒han冷leng時shi,夜ye間jian覆fu蓋gai草cao苫shan。沙sha藏zang溫wen度du一yi般ban不bu超chao過guo18℃,當根段上長出新芽時即可扡插進行埋根育苗。
埋根育苗可采用平畦育苗或高壟育苗。平畦育苗畦寬1~1.2米,長10~20米。按行距30~40厘米開溝,根段下端蘸些草木灰,按株距20~30厘米呈30度傾斜插入土中,上端與畦麵向平,覆土2~3厘米。高壟育苗,做高20~30厘米、底寬40厘米的壟。壟距40~50厘米,東西走向。在高壟的向陽麵中下部,將根苗上端向北傾斜插入土中,株距25~30limi。wuluncaiyongnazhongfangshi,qianchashizhuyijianggenduancuxifenkai,fendiduanqiancha,datouxiangshang,xiaotouchongxia,bukedaozhi。futuhouduyibujiangenweizhun,qianchahoufugaidimozengwenbaoshi,cujinchumiao。chumiaoshiyaozhuyiguancha,jishidasuibiaotubanjieyingkuai,fangzhimenya,chumiaohoujishigemofangmiao。weifangzhizhonggenfulan,baochidiwenbuxiajiang,cujinfaya,qianchahouyibanbuyijiaoshui。qiwenguogao,tianqiganhan,turangshangqingchashi,kezaixingjianhuolonggoushidangyinshui,yinshiqimianhuolongmian。guanshuihouyaojishisongtu,yilizengwen,tongqi,baoshang。
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