zaixihongshishengchanguochengzhong,jingchangchuxianxihongshizhizhuweiniandezhengzhuang。ruguofangzhibujishi,quemiaoduanlongshiyoufasheng,changgeicainongzaochenghendasunshi。jinliangnianlai,bizhetongguozaixihongshizhongzhijididemosuoheshiyan,zongjiechulexihongshiweiniandejigeyuanyin,bingshaixuanchulejizhongxiaoguojiaohaodefangzhiyaoji,xianzuoruxiajieshao,yigongcankao。
一(yi)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)莖(jing)稈(gan)基(ji)部(bu)靠(kao)近(jin)土(tu)壤(rang)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)地(di)方(fang)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)黑(hei)色(se)病(bing)斑(ban),導(dao)致(zhi)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)不(bu)能(neng)順(shun)利(li)輸(shu)送(song)到(dao)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang)部(bu)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)萎(wei)蔫(nian)。這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)種(zhong)疫(yi)黴(mei)菌(jun)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)根(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)。這(zhe)種(zhong)病(bing)菌(jun)喜(xi)歡(huan)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi),容(rong)易(yi)通(tong)過(guo)傷(shang)口(kou)侵(qin)染(ran)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)9-10月份當大棚內的溫度白天超過30℃,dashuimanguanzaochengturangjiaochangshijianchaoshi,jiuhenrongyifashengzhezhongbinghai。tebieshiduiyumiaoqituchangdezhizhu,henduocainongdouxihuanbajingganjibuduoyudebufenmaijinturangli,shiqizaishengxingen。zheduizhizhudeshengchangsuiranyouli,danbingjuntebierongyitongguozhaiyehebaifengchazaochengdeshangkouqinran。
根據多次試驗,使用化學藥劑防治這種病害的效果比較明顯,一般隻需用雷多米爾或金雷多米爾600倍液灌根1-2次,每株西紅柿需灌藥液100克左右即可。
另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)種(zhong)萎(wei)蔫(nian)情(qing)況(kuang)是(shi)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)沒(mei)有(you)病(bing)斑(ban),根(gen)部(bu)表(biao)麵(mian)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)。但(dan)是(shi)剝(bo)開(kai)根(gen)的(de)表(biao)皮(pi),可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)到(dao)裏(li)麵(mian)已(yi)經(jing)變(bian)成(cheng)褐(he)色(se)。這(zhe)種(zhong)萎(wei)蔫(nian)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)容(rong)易(yi)在(zai)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)後(hou)突(tu)然(ran)轉(zhuan)晴(qing)時(shi)發(fa)生(sheng),開(kai)始(shi)是(shi)中(zhong)午(wu)萎(wei)蔫(nian),早(zao)晚(wan)恢(hui)複(fu),逐(zhu)漸(jian)全(quan)株(zhu)死(si)亡(wang)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)那(na)些(xie)在(zai)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)前(qian)澆(jiao)水(shui)的(de)大(da)棚(peng),病(bing)情(qing)更(geng)重(zhong)。這(zhe)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)造(zao)成(cheng)土(tu)壤(rang)溫(wen)度(du)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降(jiang)低(di),葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)降(jiang),根(gen)部(bu)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)營(ying)養(yang),功(gong)能(neng)減(jian)弱(ruo),吸(xi)收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)能(neng)力(li)下(xia)降(jiang)。當(dang)晴(qing)天(tian)氣(qi)溫(wen)突(tu)然(ran)升(sheng)高(gao),地(di)溫(wen)提(ti)升(sheng)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)慢(man),且(qie)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)吸(xi)收(shou)量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)蒸(zheng)騰(teng)時(shi),就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)萎(wei)蔫(nian)現(xian)象(xiang)。發(fa)生(sheng)萎(wei)蔫(nian)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)如(ru)果(guo)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)及(ji)時(shi)恢(hui)複(fu),根(gen)部(bu)就(jiu)會(hui)被(bei)病(bing)菌(jun)感(gan)染(ran),形(xing)成(cheng)根(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)。
因(yin)此(ci),對(dui)於(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)根(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi),最(zui)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)是(shi)在(zai)連(lian)陰(yin)天(tian)後(hou)的(de)晴(qing)天(tian),不(bu)要(yao)讓(rang)棚(peng)內(nei)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)得(de)太(tai)快(kuai),要(yao)把(ba)草(cao)苫(shan)放(fang)下(xia)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)適(shi)當(dang)遮(zhe)陰(yin),降(jiang)低(di)棚(peng)內(nei)的(de)溫(wen)度(du),減(jian)少(shao)蒸(zheng)騰(teng)量(liang),使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)恢(hui)複(fu)過(guo)程(cheng)。一(yi)般(ban)中(zhong)午(wu)棚(peng)內(nei)的(de)最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)不(bu)要(yao)超(chao)過(guo)25℃。另外,為了防治病菌的侵染還要選用藥劑灌根。經過篩選,比較好的藥劑為適樂時1500倍液,每畝地灌藥液150公斤左右,連續灌2次,每次間隔5天左右。
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