一、栽植密度:栽植矮化蘋果樹,應根據不同的矮化砧木和不同類型的短枝型品種,適當加大栽植密度,進行合理密植。例如,M26中間砧蘋果樹,一般每畝可栽80-100株,M7中間砧蘋果樹,每畝栽50-60株比較適宜。
二、修剪方法:修剪整形時不宜采用主幹疏層形樹形,而要采用紡錘形、細xi長chang紡fang錘chui形xing或huo改gai良liang紡fang錘chui形xing樹shu形xing。無wu論lun哪na一yi種zhong紡fang錘chui形xing樹shu形xing,其qi結jie構gou特te點dian都dou是shi有you主zhu枝zhi無wu側ce枝zhi。修xiu剪jian樹shu時shi要yao注zhu意yi控kong製zhi樹shu冠guan的de大da小xiao,同tong時shi盡jin量liang增zeng加jia主zhu枝zhi數shu目mu。由you於yu主zhu枝zhi增zeng多duo且qie無wu側ce枝zhi,就jiu要yao防fang止zhi主zhu枝zhi的de生sheng長chang勢shi比bi中zhong心xin幹gan的de生sheng長chang勢shi強qiang,不bu要yao使shi樹shu的de主zhu枝zhi延yan伸shen生sheng長chang和he加jia粗cu生sheng長chang太tai快kuai,以yi免mian影ying響xiang中zhong心xin幹gan的de生sheng長chang勢shi衰shuai弱ruo不bu壯zhuang。每mei個ge主zhu枝zhi的de枝zhi體ti要yao縮suo小xiao,修xiu剪jian的de方fang法fa要yao以yi輕qing剪jian為wei主zhu、少短截。冬季修剪時,幼齡樹主枝延長枝可以不剪截。
三、土肥水管理:蘋(ping)果(guo)樹(shu)矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)植(zhi),單(dan)株(zhu)樹(shu)掛(gua)果(guo)多(duo),單(dan)位(wei)麵(mian)積(ji)產(chan)量(liang)高(gao),但(dan)果(guo)園(yuan)裏(li)光(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)如(ru)喬(qiao)砧(zhen)樹(shu)稀(xi)植(zhi)園(yuan),因(yin)此(ci),肥(fei)水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)如(ru)稍(shao)有(you)不(bu)足(zu)時(shi),樹(shu)勢(shi)則(ze)很(hen)易(yi)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)。如(ru)若(ruo)品(pin)種(zhong)是(shi)短(duan)枝(zhi)型(xing)品(pin)種(zhong),管(guan)理(li)跟(gen)不(bu)上(shang),樹(shu)更(geng)易(yi)早(zao)衰(shuai)。由(you)於(yu)上(shang)述(shu)原(yuan)因(yin),樹(shu)進(jin)入(ru)盛(sheng)果(guo)期(qi)後(hou),有(you)些(xie)樹(shu)開(kai)花(hua)到(dao)頂(ding),必(bi)須(xu)特(te)別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)及(ji)時(shi)更(geng)新(xin)修(xiu)剪(jian)。在(zai)肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li)上(shang)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)營(ying)養(yang)和(he)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)。修(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)調(tiao)整(zheng)樹(shu)勢(shi)使(shi)其(qi)均(jun)衡(heng),要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)中(zhong)心(xin)幹(gan)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)優(you)勢(shi),延(yan)緩(huan)衰(shuai)老(lao),使(shi)樹(shu)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)壽(shou)命(ming)延(yan)長(chang)。
四、光照管理:蘋果樹矮化密植株數多、枝條多、葉(ye)片(pian)多(duo),因(yin)此(ci),應(ying)采(cai)取(qu)多(duo)種(zhong)措(cuo)施(shi)改(gai)善(shan)光(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian),增(zeng)強(qiang)葉(ye)片(pian)光(guang)合(he)效(xiao)能(neng)。為(wei)此(ci),修(xiu)剪(jian)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)多(duo)疏(shu)少(shao)截(jie),必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)夏(xia)季(ji)也(ye)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)疏(shu)剪(jian),及(ji)時(shi)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)調(tiao)整(zheng)樹(shu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou),提(ti)高(gao)有(you)效(xiao)葉(ye)麵(mian)積(ji)係(xi)數(shu);還hai應ying減jian少shao來lai自zi果guo園yuan四si周zhou的de遮zhe陰yin。在zai山shan區qu建jian果guo園yuan時shi,要yao在zai向xiang陽yang開kai闊kuo地di段duan建jian園yuan,最zui好hao南nan北bei行xing栽zai樹shu,成cheng長chang方fang形xing栽zai植zhi,要yao行xing距ju大da於yu株zhu距ju,以yi利li延yan長chang光guang照zhao時shi間jian,增zeng強qiang光guang合he效xiao能neng。適shi當dang疏shu剪jian枝zhi條tiao和he葉ye片pian以yi後hou,要yao防fang止zhi葉ye片pian早zao衰shuai或huo脫tuo落luo,以yi保bao證zheng生sheng長chang後hou期qi的de光guang合he作zuo用yong效xiao能neng仍reng然ran良liang好hao。
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