一
、親蝦消毒方法欠妥。常規的消毒方法是用濃度為3%的de鹽yan水shui浸jin泡pao小xiao龍long蝦xia親qin蝦xia

，這zhe對dui帶dai水shui運yun輸shu的de親qin蝦xia來lai說shuo是shi正zheng確que的de。但dan對dui離li水shui運yun輸shu的de親qin蝦xia而er言yan，用yong鹽yan水shui進jin行xing消xiao毒du將jiang加jia重zhong其qi脫tuo水shui症zheng狀zhuang
，不bu利li於yu放fang養yang成cheng活huo率lv的de提ti高gao。建jian議yi用yong高gao錳meng酸suan鉀jia溶rong液ye替ti代dai鹽yan水shui對dui親qin蝦xia進jin行xing消xiao毒du。

二、親qin蝦xia放fang養yang時shi間jian不bu當dang。目mu前qian生sheng產chan上shang小xiao龍long蝦xia苗miao種zhong的de來lai源yuan基ji本ben是shi相xiang同tong的de，即ji投tou放fang親qin蝦xia自zi繁fan或huo購gou買mai蝦xia苗miao放fang養yang。部bu分fen養yang殖zhi戶hu在zai製zhi訂ding親qin蝦xia放fang養yang和he苗miao種zhong生sheng產chan方fang案an時shi常chang會hui出chu現xian一yi些xie不bu當dang之zhi處chu
，如ru在zai上shang半ban年nian放fang養yang野ye生sheng親qin蝦xia進jin行xing蝦xia苗miao繁fan殖zhi等deng。

小龍蝦交配與產卵的適宜水溫為12-33℃，雖然3-5月份的水溫已達到產卵要求
，但5月份之前的親蝦性腺尚未發育成熟

，此期小龍蝦隻交配不產卵

，蝦卵需經4-6個月的發育後才能進入Ⅳ期末，因此上半年放養的親蝦在下半年才能繁育蝦苗。

在自然條件下
，小龍蝦的產卵和孵苗高峰期大多在9-11月，蝦卵經9-15天的孵化，即可孵出蝦苗。在華東地區80%以上的蝦苗在10-12月份孵出，因此隻要在8-10月份投放親蝦，就可以通過自然繁殖培育出供養殖所用的蝦苗。解剖小龍蝦親蝦可知
，3月份有部分雌蝦的卵巢已發育至Ⅱ-Ⅲqi，tongguotouweiyouzhisiliaohetishengyuedongshuiwen，nengjiakuaicixiadexingxianfayusudu，bingshixiantiqianchanluanhefumiao。yincijiangqinxiadewenshiyuedongjishuyuchitangyangzhijidaotianyangzhixiangjiehe，kexingchengxindeyangzhimoshi，youliyuxiaolongxiayangzhichanlianghexiaoyidetigao。

三、大(da)量(liang)施(shi)肥(fei)造(zao)成(cheng)水(shui)草(cao)死(si)亡(wang)。一(yi)些(xie)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)認(ren)為(wei)水(shui)草(cao)主(zhu)要(yao)起(qi)隱(yin)蔽(bi)作(zuo)用(yong)，其(qi)飼(si)料(liao)作(zuo)用(yong)不(bu)如(ru)浮(fu)遊(you)生(sheng)物(wu)重(zhong)要(yao)，因(yin)而(er)當(dang)水(shui)中(zhong)浮(fu)遊(you)生(sheng)物(wu)數(shu)量(liang)減(jian)少(shao)時(shi)，往(wang)往(wang)通(tong)過(guo)施(shi)肥(fei)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)加(jia)以(yi)調(tiao)節(jie)，池(chi)水(shui)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)因(yin)此(ci)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)。當(dang)池(chi)水(shui)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)降(jiang)至(zhi)30limiyixiashi，chizhongdeshuicaoyinguanghezuoyongshouzuernanyishengcun。shuicaosiwangbujinjianshaolexiamiaodesiliaolaiyuan，haihuidaozhishuitizijingnenglixiajiangheshuihuanjingehua，zuizhongshishengwusiliaopeiyuxiaolvjisiliaoliyonglvjiangdi。zhezhongyangzhifangshibudanshengtaixiaoyingcha，erqiezuizhonghaijiangyingxiangxiaolongxiayangzhichanlianghexiaoyi。yincizaixiaolongxiayangzhiguochengzhongyingduishuicaodezhongzhiheliyongyuyizugoudezhongshi。

四
、duiyuxiahunyangdehulizuoyongrenshibuzu。xiaolongxiayuyuhunyangshiyizhongzhidetuiguangdeyangzhimoshi，zheshiyinweiyuxiahunyangkeyihuligongcun，yuchishengdecanerhepaixiewujunkebeixiaolongxialiyong
，jianshaosiliaolangfei，bujinjiangdishengchanchengben，erqiekeyijianshaoduishuitidewuran。yinciliyongxiaolongxiadesheshitexingkaizhanyuxiahunyang，keyidadaohuligongshengdemude，tongshiyeyouliyuyangzhixiaoyidetigao。

五、duixiaolongxiazixiangcanshatexingrenshibuzu。xiaolongxiadezixiangcanshatexingshizuaiyangzhichanliangtigaodezhongyaoyuanyinzhiyi。shiyanbiaoming，qinxiaduiyoutiheyouxiadecanshilvjiaodi
，zheyuqinxiajuyouhuyoutexingyouguan
，erqinxiaduidaguigexiamiaodecanshalvzejiaogao。chucizhiwai，youxiazhijiandezixiangcanshalvyuangaoyuchengxiaduiyouxiadecansha，youqishidaguigexiamiaoduiyouxiadecanshilvgaoda60%以上。因此大規格蝦苗及幼蝦間的自相殘殺行為是影響蝦苗成活率提高的主要因素。生產中應重視人工隱蔽物的設置
，如投放水草、石棉瓦
、塑料管和竹筒等供蝦苗和成蝦棲息與隱蔽，可起到降低自相殘殺率和提高養殖產量的作用。

六、mangmushifeizaochengshuizhiehua。muqianxiaolongxiayangzhidaduocaiyongfeishuidefangshipeiyufuyoushengwusiliao，suoshidefeiliaoyiyoujifeihefuhefeijuduo。danshifeihoushuitijiyiqueyang，tongshishuititoumingdudexiajiangdaozhishuicaosiwanghefulan
，bingdaozhishuiyushengtaihuanjingjinyibuehua。helideshifeifangshishijiangyoujifeimairudinizhong


，bingzaichiposhiliangduifei，zheyangkepeiyuchudaliangdiqishengwugongqinxiahexiamiaosheshi。shuitiyaoqiufeidushizhong

，toumingduwei30-40厘米。當水草生長旺盛時
，透明度可提高至60厘米以上。夏季水溫較高
，合理施肥可防止蝦苗缺氧和養殖環境惡化
，因此目前全池潑灑的施肥方式應當予以改變。

七
、不(bu)注(zhu)意(yi)及(ji)時(shi)換(huan)水(shui)。一(yi)些(xie)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)認(ren)為(wei)小(xiao)龍(long)蝦(xia)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)汙(wu)水(shui)溝(gou)中(zhong)生(sheng)存(cun)，對(dui)水(shui)質(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)。事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)，在(zai)人(ren)工(gong)養(yang)殖(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，水(shui)質(zhi)汙(wu)染(ran)是(shi)小(xiao)龍(long)蝦(xia)大(da)批(pi)死(si)亡(wang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)，適(shi)量(liang)換(huan)水(shui)不(bu)但(dan)有(you)利(li)於(yu)改(gai)善(shan)水(shui)質(zhi)，而(er)且(qie)可(ke)以(yi)刺(ci)激(ji)小(xiao)龍(long)蝦(xia)蛻(tui)殼(ke)
，有(you)利(li)於(yu)加(jia)快(kuai)生(sheng)長(chang)速(su)度(du)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)量(liang)。但(dan)過(guo)於(yu)頻(pin)繁(fan)的(de)換(huan)水(shui)也(ye)會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)費(fei)或(huo)油(you)費(fei)支(zhi)出(chu)。合(he)理(li)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)：高溫季節每半個月換水1-2次
，每次換水1/4左右。若水質狀況較差
，可以施生物有機肥替代普通有機肥。