suizherenmenshenghuoshuipingdetigaoheshenghuozhiliangdegaishan，renmenyuelaiyuezhongshishipinzhiliangheanquan，yinciquebaoshipinweishengwujiancegongzuodezhiliangshiquebaoshiwuanquandezhongyaojucuo
，danshimuqianwoguodeshipinjiancegongzuohaiyoudaijiaqiang。shiwuweishengwujianceduiyubaozhengshipinzhiliangheanquanyiyizhongda。gaiwenjianghuiduishipinweishengwujiancegongzuodeneirong、yingxiangshipinweishengwujiancegongzuozhiliangyinsuheruhequebaoshipinweishengwujiancegongzuodezhiliangjinxingshenruyanjiuhetantao
，weiwoguoshipinanquangongzuodezongtijinzhanzuochugengdadegongxian。 

　　1 食物微生物檢驗工作的內容 

　　1.1 食物微生物檢測概述 

　　食品微生物檢測是運用微生物學的理論與方法
，檢驗食品中微生物的種類、數量、性(xing)質(zhi)及(ji)其(qi)對(dui)人(ren)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，以(yi)判(pan)別(bie)食(shi)品(pin)是(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)。食(shi)品(pin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)驗(yan)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)食(shi)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)不(bu)可(ke)少(shao)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，它(ta)是(shi)貫(guan)徹(che)“預防為主”defangzhen
，keyiyouxiaodifangzhihuozhejianshaoshiwurenchugonghuanbingdefasheng，baozhangrenmendeshentijiankang。shipinweishengwujianceshihengliangshipinweishengzhiliangdezhongyaozhibiaozhiyi，yeshipandingbeijianshipinshifouyoushiyongjiazhidekexueyijuzhiyi。tongguoshipinweishengwujiance

，keyipanduanshipinjiagonghuanjingjishipinweishengqingkuang，bingqienenggouduishipinbeixijunwurandechengduzuochuzhengquedepingjia

，weigexiangweishengguanligongzuotigongkexueyiju。 

　　1.2 食物微生物檢測的指標 

　　目前，我國衛生部頒布的食品微生物指標有菌落總數、大腸菌群和致病菌三項。菌落總數主要是指食品檢樣在經過樣品處理、培養基及其pH值
、培養溫度與時間、計數方法等條件的嚴格控製下的培養後，單位重量、容積或表麵積上，所生成的細菌菌落總數;大da腸chang杆gan菌jun來lai自zi人ren或huo溫wen血xue動dong物wu腸chang道dao，這zhe些xie細xi菌jun是shi寄ji居ju於yu人ren及ji溫wen血xue動dong物wu腸chang道dao內nei的de常chang居ju菌jun
，它ta會hui隨sui著zhe大da便bian排pai出chu體ti外wai。食shi品pin中zhong如ru果guo大da腸chang菌jun群qun數shu越yue多duo
，說shuo明ming食shi品pin受shou糞fen便bian汙wu染ran的de程cheng度du越yue大da。故gu以yi大da腸chang菌jun群qun作zuo為wei糞fen便bian汙wu染ran食shi品pin的de衛wei生sheng指zhi標biao來lai評ping價jia食shi品pin的de質zhi量liang
，具ju有you廣guang泛fan的de意yi義yi;zhibingjunshinenggouyinqirenmenfabingdexijun。dachangjunqunjianyanchengyangxing，binghuaiyishipinkenengshoudaozhibingjunwuranshikejinxingzhibingjunjianyan。butongdeshipinhebutongdechanghe，yingxuanzedecankaojunqunjinxingjianyan。 

　　2 確保食品微生物檢測工作的質量的策略 

　　2.1 提高檢測人員的專業素質 

　　食shi物wu微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce工gong作zuo具ju有you很hen強qiang的de專zhuan業ye性xing，需xu要yao對dui檢jian驗yan工gong作zuo的de各ge個ge方fang麵mian進jin行xing嚴yan格ge的de把ba握wo和he科ke學xue的de控kong製zhi。為wei確que保bao食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce工gong作zuo的de質zhi量liang需xu要yao提ti高gao微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce人ren員yuan的de專zhuan業ye素su質zhi。檢jian測ce人ren員yuan具ju備bei嚴yan謹jin的de工gong作zuo態tai度du和he較jiao強qiang的de責ze任ren感gan，還hai要yao注zhu重zhong不bu斷duan的de提ti升sheng自zi己ji。檢jian測ce人ren員yuan要yao接jie受shou定ding期qi的de專zhuan業ye培pei訓xun
，豐feng富fu自zi己ji的de專zhuan業ye知zhi識shi和he專zhuan業ye技ji術shu，及ji時shi的de發fa現xian和he處chu理li食shi物wu微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce工gong作zuo中zhong的de問wen題ti，注zhu重zhong提ti高gao自zi身shen工gong作zuo質zhi量liang和he工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。 

　　2.2 保證食品微生物檢測的設施和環境的質量 

　　進(jin)行(xing)食(shi)品(pin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)優(you)劣(lie)會(hui)對(dui)檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果(guo)造(zao)成(cheng)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)交(jiao)叉(cha)汙(wu)染(ran)，同(tong)時(shi)還(hai)要(yao)對(dui)它(ta)的(de)濕(shi)度(du)、溫(wen)度(du)和(he)光(guang)照(zhao)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)合(he)理(li)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi)，保(bao)證(zheng)食(shi)物(wu)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。食(shi)品(pin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)設(she)施(shi)要(yao)齊(qi)全(quan)，不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)食(shi)品(pin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)順(shun)利(li)進(jin)行(xing)
，還(hai)要(yao)對(dui)檢(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員(yuan)配(pei)備(bei)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)設(she)施(shi)，使(shi)他(ta)們(men)免(mian)受(shou)傷(shang)害(hai)
，也(ye)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)避(bi)免(mian)環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)
，提(ti)高(gao)食(shi)品(pin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。 

　　2.3 保證食品微生物檢測儀器設備的質量 

　　食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce儀yi器qi設she備bei需xu要yao有you專zhuan人ren保bao管guan並bing要yao對dui它ta們men的de使shi用yong和he維wei護hu進jin行xing及ji時shi的de記ji錄lu，定ding期qi對dui這zhe些xie儀yi器qi和he設she備bei的de性xing能neng進jin行xing檢jian查zha，保bao證zheng其qi能neng準zhun確que的de為wei食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce工gong作zuo服fu務wu。還hai要yao注zhu意yi對dui食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce儀yi器qi設she備bei進jin行xing殺sha菌jun處chu理li和he保bao存cun，確que保bao檢jian測ce結jie果guo的de準zhun確que性xing。 

　　2.4 對食品微生物檢測過程進行質量保證 

　　在對食物進行微生物檢測時，要嚴格按照科學的操作規程進行，規範檢測過程。從食物微生物的取樣、培pei養yang一yi直zhi到dao得de到dao檢jian驗yan結jie果guo，中zhong間jian的de各ge個ge環huan節jie和he相xiang應ying的de操cao作zuo流liu程cheng和he規gui範fan都dou需xu要yao檢jian測ce人ren員yuan的de嚴yan格ge履lv行xing。在zai食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce結jie束shu後hou，及ji時shi的de清qing理li垃la圾ji
，將jiang實shi驗yan室shi消xiao毒du清qing潔jie。對dui食shi品pin微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce過guo程cheng進jin行xing質zhi量liang保bao證zheng可ke以yi確que保bao食shi物wu微wei生sheng物wu檢jian測ce工gong作zuo的de質zhi量liang
，進jin而er保bao證zheng食shi物wu安an全quan和he人ren們men的de生sheng命ming健jian康kang。 

　　3 結語 

　　quebaoshipinweishengwujiancegongzuodezhiliang，tigaowoguodeshipinzhiliangyuanquanderenwujiaoweijianju，xuyaocaiqukexueyouxiaodecelveduishipinweishengwujiancegongzuojinxingzhiliangshangdekongzhi，baozhengshipinweishengwujianyanjieguodezhengquexinghekekaoxing，tongshiyexuyaotigaoxiangguanrenyuandesuzhihegongzuonengli

，buduanwanshanshipinweishengwujiancegongzuo

，nulishixianshipinanquandemubiao。zongzhi，shipinanquanheshipinzhiliangyurenmendeshengmingjiankangxixixiangguan，shipinjianyanbumenyaobuduantigaozishengongzuozhiliang，genghaodiweiguangdarenminfuwu。