1）總體原則

當dang要yao求qiu得de到dao最zui高gao準zhun確que度du時shi，應ying盡jin可ke能neng按an校xiao準zhun時shi的de條tiao件jian來lai操cao作zuo，並bing要yao求qiu用yong分fen度du誤wu差cha的de校xiao準zhun值zhi。使shi用yong前qian量liang器qi應ying清qing洗xi幹gan淨jing，如ru果guo校xiao準zhun時shi發fa現xian示shi值zhi容rong量liang有you偏pian差cha時shi
，應ying做zuo適shi當dang修xiu正zheng。

2）容量瓶

如果使用容量瓶定容水溶液，則用蒸餾水清洗後可不必幹燥。稀釋水溶液的方法推薦如下:把(ba)待(dai)溶(rong)解(jie)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)的(de)水(shui)在(zai)燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)溶(rong)解(jie)，在(zai)必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)可(ke)適(shi)度(du)加(jia)熱(re)並(bing)搖(yao)動(dong)使(shi)之(zhi)溶(rong)解(jie)
，溶(rong)解(jie)後(hou)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到(dao)容(rong)量(liang)瓶(ping)中(zhong)
，並(bing)用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)多(duo)次(ci)潤(run)洗(xi)燒(shao)杯(bei)並(bing)將(jiang)洗(xi)液(ye)轉(zhuan)至(zhi)容(rong)量(liang)瓶(ping)中(zhong)。接(jie)著(zhe)加(jia)水(shui)使(shi)液(ye)麵(mian)升(sheng)到(dao)刻(ke)度(du)線(xian)幾(ji)厘(li)米(mi)以(yi)下(xia)。蓋(gai)上(shang)瓶(ping)塞(sai)混(hun)合(he)後(hou)，用(yong)洗(xi)瓶(ping)水(shui)流(liu)衝(chong)洗(xi)使(shi)液(ye)麵(mian)升(sheng)到(dao)刻(ke)度(du)線(xian)以(yi)下(xia)1cm處，打開容量瓶塞，靜置2 min，讓瓶頸的液體瀝下，要使溶液重新達到室溫可以蓋上瓶塞多等待一定些時間。最後從刻度線以下1cm 以內的一點沿著瓶頸流下一定的水，使彎液麵的最低點調定在刻度線上。蓋上瓶塞搖動顛倒容量瓶，使溶液均勻備用。

3）量筒和量杯

量筒經清洗和幹燥後，充以待測液體至標稱容量刻線或所需的刻線上幾毫米，接著用吸管將多餘的液體吸出。

4）滴定管

滴定管(包括旋塞閥和流液口)用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)後(hou)

，再(zai)用(yong)待(dai)用(yong)的(de)試(shi)液(ye)衝(chong)洗(xi)三(san)次(ci)。如(ru)果(guo)滴(di)定(ding)管(guan)尺(chi)寸(cun)不(bu)夠(gou)大(da)，其(qi)頂(ding)部(bu)插(cha)不(bu)進(jin)溫(wen)度(du)計(ji)用(yong)於(yu)觀(guan)測(ce)液(ye)體(ti)溫(wen)度(du)
，可(ke)設(she)置(zhi)一(yi)根(gen)足(zu)以(yi)容(rong)納(na)溫(wen)度(du)計(ji)的(de)普(pu)通(tong)玻(bo)璃(li)試(shi)管(guan)夾(jia)在(zai)滴(di)定(ding)管(guan)旁(pang)邊(bian)。

jiangjiazaichuizhiweizhidedidingguanchongshuizhilingxianyishangjihaomi，ruguoguanbizhanshi，zezaitiaodinglingxianyiqianyingyouchongfendeliyeshijian，weilepaichuxuansaifaheliuyekoujianqipao，zaitiaodinglingxianzhiqianyingcongliuyekoupaifangyixieyetizaizhuye。

liuchushijianshizhidangxuansaifaquankaishiyeticonglingxianzhibiaochengrongliangziyouliuchusuoyongdeshijian。weilededaozuijiazhunquedu
，yingshiyongfenduxiuzhengzhi。zaifangyeshixuansaifayingquankai，liuyekoubudeyujieshourongqijiyemianjiechu。yinci，duididingguanlaishuo，zuihaonenggusuanchushiyangxuhaoyongduoshaohaoshengrongyefangkedaodazhongdian，ruguoyouzugoudeshiyangkejinxingyiciyuxiandedidinglaidedaozheyidian。ruguobunengzheyangzuo，zhiyaodidingshijianbuchaoguoguidingliuchushijian60s

，則在容量允差為±tmL 時，所產生的誤差一般小於±tm L。如(ru)果(guo)規(gui)定(ding)了(le)等(deng)待(dai)時(shi)間(jian)則(ze)為(wei)旋(xuan)塞(sai)閥(fa)關(guan)閉(bi)後(hou)與(yu)最(zui)後(hou)讀(du)數(shu)之(zhi)前(qian)的(de)那(na)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)，通(tong)常(chang)不(bu)得(de)在(zai)滴(di)定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)時(shi)觀(guan)測(ce)等(deng)待(dai)時(shi)何(he)，因(yin)為(wei)達(da)到(dao)滴(di)定(ding)終(zhong)點(dian)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)般(ban)比(bi)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)等(deng)待(dai)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)。

shangshushiyongqingkuangshiyongyuzhanduyushuixiangsidetoumingyeti
，tebiezhanchoudeyetibunengzhunqueerfangbiandishiyong，yinweizheyanghuizaiguanbishangliuxiadaliangdezhanye
，erqieliusuhenman
，danshitongchangyongyurongliangfenxidexishishuirongyeshishiyongde，erqiewumingxiandewucha。liru:1mol/L 的溶液產生的誤差小於A 級的允差。而0.1mol/L derongyezechanshengdewuchaxiangyinggengxiao。dangshiyongfeishuiyetishizhunqueduyehuijiangdi，yinweitamendebiaomianzhangliyushuidebiaomianzhanglixiangchahenda。duiyuwanyemiandibukejiandujiaochadeyeti

，kezaiwanyemianshangbianyuandushu，danbizaiwanyemianzuididianguancedaodezhunqueduyaochaxie。

5）量出式吸量管

吸xi量liang管guan用yong蒸zheng餾liu水shui清qing洗xi之zhi後hou，再zai用yong待dai用yong液ye體ti衝chong洗xi。吸xi量liang管guan吸xi取qu液ye體ti至zhi零ling標biao線xian以yi上shang或huo所suo需xu刻ke度du線xian以yi上shang幾ji毫hao米mi。建jian議yi使shi用yong能neng使shi待dai測ce液ye體ti自zi由you流liu動dong的de吸xi具ju，如ru吸xi球qiu等deng。

為wei了le得de到dao正zheng確que的de量liang出chu容rong量liang，吸xi量liang管guan應ying按an其qi產chan品pin標biao準zhun中zhong有you關guan容rong量liang定ding義yi所suo述shu的de方fang法fa操cao作zuo。吸xi量liang管guan與yu接jie收shou容rong器qi脫tuo離li之zhi前qian
，應ying遵zun守shou規gui定ding的de等deng待dai時shi間jian。通tong常chang吸xi量liang管guan掛gua壁bi液ye體ti流liu至zhi流liu液ye口kou的de等deng待dai時shi間jian規gui定ding3s已(yi)足(zu)夠(gou)了(le)
，而(er)且(qie)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)定(ding)。一(yi)旦(dan)確(que)定(ding)彎(wan)液(ye)麵(mian)達(da)到(dao)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)並(bing)趨(qu)於(yu)靜(jing)止(zhi)，吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)即(ji)可(ke)與(yu)接(jie)收(shou)容(rong)器(qi)脫(tuo)離(li)接(jie)觸(chu)。留(liu)在(zai)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)的(de)餘(yu)液(ye)不(bu)得(de)排(pai)出(chu)，而(er)“吹出”shixiliangguanzeyingchuichuqizuihouyuyezuoweiliangchurongliangdeyibufen。yudidingguanyiyang，feichangzhanchoudeyetibunengfangbianhezhunquedixiqu。tongchangyongyurongliangfenxidexishishuirongyeshishiyongde
，erqiewumingxianwucha。

6）量入式吸量管

用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)之(zhi)後(hou)進(jin)行(xing)幹(gan)燥(zao)或(huo)用(yong)待(dai)測(ce)溶(rong)液(ye)衝(chong)洗(xi)三(san)次(ci)。吸(xi)取(qu)液(ye)體(ti)至(zhi)零(ling)標(biao)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)或(huo)所(suo)需(xu)刻(ke)度(du)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)。為(wei)了(le)得(de)到(dao)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)量(liang)入(ru)容(rong)量(liang)
，吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)應(ying)按(an)有(you)關(guan)容(rong)量(liang)定(ding)義(yi)所(suo)述(shu)方(fang)法(fa)操(cao)作(zuo)。

小結