當(dang)要(yao)求(qiu)得(de)到(dao)最(zui)高(gao)準(zhun)確(que)度(du)時(shi),應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)按(an)校(xiao)準(zhun)時(shi)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)來(lai)操(cao)作(zuo),並(bing)要(yao)求(qiu)用(yong)分(fen)度(du)誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)校(xiao)準(zhun)值(zhi)。使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)量(liang)器(qi)應(ying)清(qing)洗(xi)幹(gan)淨(jing),如(ru)果(guo)校(xiao)準(zhun)時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)示(shi)值(zhi)容(rong)量(liang)有(you)偏(pian)差(cha)時(shi),應(ying)做(zuo)適(shi)當(dang)修(xiu)正(zheng)。
容量瓶
容量瓶
吸量管用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)之(zhi)後(hou),再(zai)用(yong)待(dai)用(yong)液(ye)體(ti)衝(chong)洗(xi)。吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)吸(xi)取(qu)液(ye)體(ti)至(zhi)零(ling)標(biao)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)或(huo)所(suo)需(xu)刻(ke)度(du)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)幾(ji)毫(hao)米(mi)。建(jian)議(yi)使(shi)用(yong)能(neng)使(shi)待(dai)測(ce)液(ye)體(ti)自(zi)由(you)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)吸(xi)具(ju),如(ru)吸(xi)球(qiu)等(deng)。
為wei了le得de到dao正zheng確que的de量liang出chu容rong量liang,吸xi量liang管guan應ying按an其qi產chan品pin標biao準zhun中zhong有you關guan容rong量liang定ding義yi所suo述shu的de方fang法fa操cao作zuo。吸xi量liang管guan與yu接jie收shou容rong器qi脫tuo離li之zhi前qian,應ying遵zun守shou規gui定ding的de等deng待dai時shi間jian。通tong常chang吸xi量liang管guan掛gua壁bi液ye體ti流liu至zhi流liu液ye口kou的de等deng待dai時shi間jian規gui定ding3s已(yi)足(zu)夠(gou)了(le),而(er)且(qie)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)定(ding)。一(yi)旦(dan)確(que)定(ding)彎(wan)液(ye)麵(mian)達(da)到(dao)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)並(bing)趨(qu)於(yu)靜(jing)止(zhi),吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)即(ji)可(ke)與(yu)接(jie)收(shou)容(rong)器(qi)脫(tuo)離(li)接(jie)觸(chu)。留(liu)在(zai)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)的(de)餘(yu)液(ye)不(bu)得(de)排(pai)出(chu),而(er)“吹出”式吸量管則應吹出其最後餘液作為量出容量的一部分。與滴定管一樣,非常粘稠的液體不能方便和準確地吸取。通常用於容量分析的稀釋水溶液是適用的,而且無明顯誤差。
量筒經清洗和幹燥後,充以待測液體至標稱容量刻線或所需的刻線上幾毫米,接著用吸管將多餘的液體吸出。
滴定管(包括旋塞閥和流液口)yongzhengliushuiqingxihou,zaiyongdaiyongdeshiyechongxisanci。ruguodidingguanchicunbugouda,qidingbuchabujinwendujiyongyuguanceyetiwendu,keshezhiyigenzuyirongnawendujideputongbolishiguanjiazaididingguanpangbian。
將jiang夾jia在zai垂chui直zhi位wei置zhi的de滴di定ding管guan充chong水shui至zhi零ling線xian以yi上shang幾ji毫hao米mi,如ru果guo管guan壁bi沾zhan濕shi,則ze在zai調tiao定ding零ling線xian以yi前qian應ying有you充chong分fen的de瀝li液ye時shi間jian,為wei了le排pai除chu旋xuan塞sai閥fa和he流liu液ye口kou間jian氣qi泡pao,在zai調tiao定ding零ling線xian之zhi前qian應ying從cong流liu液ye口kou排pai放fang一yi些xie液ye體ti再zai注zhu液ye。
流liu出chu時shi間jian是shi指zhi當dang旋xuan塞sai閥fa全quan開kai時shi液ye體ti從cong零ling線xian至zhi標biao稱cheng容rong量liang自zi由you流liu出chu所suo用yong的de時shi間jian。為wei了le得de到dao最zui佳jia準zhun確que度du,應ying使shi用yong分fen度du修xiu正zheng值zhi。在zai放fang液ye時shi旋xuan塞sai閥fa應ying全quan開kai,流liu液ye口kou不bu得de與yu接jie收shou容rong器qi及ji液ye麵mian接jie觸chu。因yin此ci,對dui滴di定ding管guan來lai說shuo,最zui好hao能neng估gu算suan出chu試shi樣yang需xu耗hao用yong多duo少shao毫hao升sheng溶rong液ye方fang可ke到dao達da終zhong點dian,如ru果guo有you足zu夠gou的de試shi樣yang可ke進jin行xing一yi次ci預yu先xian的de滴di定ding來lai得de到dao這zhe一yi點dian。如ru果guo不bu能neng這zhe樣yang做zuo,隻zhi要yao滴di定ding時shi間jian不bu超chao過guo規gui定ding流liu出chu時shi間jian60s,則在容量允差為±t mL 時,所產生的誤差一般小於±t m L。如ru果guo規gui定ding了le等deng待dai時shi間jian則ze為wei旋xuan塞sai閥fa關guan閉bi後hou與yu最zui後hou讀du數shu之zhi前qian的de那na段duan時shi間jian,通tong常chang不bu得de在zai滴di定ding進jin行xing時shi觀guan測ce等deng待dai時shi何he,因yin為wei達da到dao滴di定ding終zhong點dian的de時shi間jian一yi般ban比bi規gui定ding的de等deng待dai時shi間jian長chang。
上(shang)述(shu)使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)粘(zhan)度(du)與(yu)水(shui)相(xiang)似(si)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)液(ye)體(ti),特(te)別(bie)粘(zhan)稠(chou)的(de)液(ye)體(ti)不(bu)能(neng)準(zhun)確(que)而(er)方(fang)便(bian)地(di)使(shi)用(yong),因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)樣(yang)會(hui)在(zai)管(guan)壁(bi)上(shang)留(liu)下(xia)大(da)量(liang)的(de)粘(zhan)液(ye),而(er)且(qie)流(liu)速(su)很(hen)慢(man),但(dan)是(shi)通(tong)常(chang)用(yong)於(yu)容(rong)量(liang)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)稀(xi)釋(shi)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)是(shi)適(shi)用(yong)的(de),而(er)且(qie)無(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)誤(wu)差(cha)。例(li)如(ru):1mol/L 的溶液產生的誤差小於A 級的允差。而0.1mol/L 的溶液則產生的誤差相應更小。當使用非水液體時準確度也會降低,因為它們的表麵張力與水的表麵張力相差很大。對於彎液麵底部可見度較差的液體,可在彎液麵上邊緣讀數,但比在彎液麵最低點觀測到的準確度要差些。
吸量管用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)之(zhi)後(hou),再(zai)用(yong)待(dai)用(yong)液(ye)體(ti)衝(chong)洗(xi)。吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)吸(xi)取(qu)液(ye)體(ti)至(zhi)零(ling)標(biao)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)或(huo)所(suo)需(xu)刻(ke)度(du)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)幾(ji)毫(hao)米(mi)。建(jian)議(yi)使(shi)用(yong)能(neng)使(shi)待(dai)測(ce)液(ye)體(ti)自(zi)由(you)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)吸(xi)具(ju),如(ru)吸(xi)球(qiu)等(deng)。
為wei了le得de到dao正zheng確que的de量liang出chu容rong量liang,吸xi量liang管guan應ying按an其qi產chan品pin標biao準zhun中zhong有you關guan容rong量liang定ding義yi所suo述shu的de方fang法fa操cao作zuo。吸xi量liang管guan與yu接jie收shou容rong器qi脫tuo離li之zhi前qian,應ying遵zun守shou規gui定ding的de等deng待dai時shi間jian。通tong常chang吸xi量liang管guan掛gua壁bi液ye體ti流liu至zhi流liu液ye口kou的de等deng待dai時shi間jian規gui定ding3s已(yi)足(zu)夠(gou)了(le),而(er)且(qie)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)定(ding)。一(yi)旦(dan)確(que)定(ding)彎(wan)液(ye)麵(mian)達(da)到(dao)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)並(bing)趨(qu)於(yu)靜(jing)止(zhi),吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)即(ji)可(ke)與(yu)接(jie)收(shou)容(rong)器(qi)脫(tuo)離(li)接(jie)觸(chu)。留(liu)在(zai)流(liu)液(ye)口(kou)的(de)餘(yu)液(ye)不(bu)得(de)排(pai)出(chu),而(er)“吹出”式(shi)吸(xi)量(liang)管(guan)則(ze)應(ying)吹(chui)出(chu)其(qi)最(zui)後(hou)餘(yu)液(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)量(liang)出(chu)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)。與(yu)滴(di)定(ding)管(guan)一(yi)樣(yang),非(fei)常(chang)粘(zhan)稠(chou)的(de)液(ye)體(ti)不(bu)能(neng)方(fang)便(bian)和(he)準(zhun)確(que)地(di)吸(xi)取(qu)。通(tong)常(chang)用(yong)於(yu)容(rong)量(liang)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)稀(xi)釋(shi)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)是(shi)適(shi)用(yong)的(de),而(er)且(qie)無(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)誤(wu)差(cha)。
yongzhengliushuiqingxizhihoujinxingganzaohuoyongdaicerongyechongxisanci。xiquyetizhilingbiaoxianyishanghuosuoxukeduxianyishang。weilededaozhengquedeliangrurongliang,xiliangguanyinganyouguanrongliangdingyisuoshufangfacaozuo。
本ben文wen所suo述shu的de操cao作zuo主zhu要yao是shi需xu要yao和he校xiao準zhun計ji量liang玻bo璃li容rong器qi時shi保bao持chi一yi致zhi,一yi般ban來lai說shuo操cao作zuo和he校xiao準zhun時shi保bao持chi一yi致zhi會hui更geng大da程cheng度du保bao證zheng準zhun確que度du和he校xiao準zhun一yi致zhi的de狀zhuang態tai。
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