鹽堿土是鹽土和堿土的總稱。鹽土主要指含氯化物或硫酸鹽較高的鹽漬化土壤，土壤呈堿性，但pH值不一定很高。堿土是指含碳酸鹽或重磷酸鹽的土壤，pH值較高，土壤呈堿性，鹽堿土的有機質含量少，土壤肥力低，理化性狀差，對作物有害的陰
、陽yang離li子zi多duo，作zuo物wu不bu易yi促cu苗miao。鹽yan堿jian土tu的de施shi肥fei原yuan則ze是shi以yi施shi有you機ji肥fei料liao和he高gao效xiao複fu合he肥fei為wei主zhu，控kong製zhi低di濃nong度du化hua肥fei的de使shi用yong。有you機ji肥fei含han有you大da量liang的de有you機ji質zhi
，對dui土tu壤rang中zhong的de有you害hai陰yin、陽離子起緩衝作用，有利於發根、促cu苗miao。高gao濃nong度du複fu合he肥fei無wu效xiao成cheng分fen少shao，殘can留liu少shao
，但dan化hua肥fei的de用yong量liang每mei次ci也ye不bu能neng過guo多duo，以yi避bi免mian加jia重zhong土tu壤rang的de次ci生sheng鹽yan漬zi化hua

，施shi過guo化hua肥fei後hou應ying結jie合he灌guan水shui，以yi降jiang低di土tu壤rang溶rong液ye濃nong度du。鹽yan堿jian地di的de改gai良liang方fang法fa如ru下xia：

 

    洗(xi)鹽(yan)。洗(xi)鹽(yan)就(jiu)是(shi)把(ba)水(shui)灌(guan)到(dao)鹽(yan)堿(jian)地(di)裏(li)，使(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)鹽(yan)分(fen)溶(rong)解(jie)
，通(tong)過(guo)下(xia)滲(shen)把(ba)表(biao)土(tu)層(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)鹽(yan)堿(jian)排(pai)到(dao)深(shen)層(ceng)土(tu)中(zhong)或(huo)淋(lin)洗(xi)出(chu)去(qu)

，側(ce)滲(shen)入(ru)排(pai)水(shui)溝(gou)加(jia)以(yi)排(pai)除(chu)。

 

    平整土地。平整土地可使水分均勻下滲
，提高降雨淋鹽和灌溉洗鹽的效果，防止土壤斑狀鹽漬化。

 

    shengengshenfan。yanfenzaiturangzhongdefenbuqingkuangweidibiaocengduo，xiacengshao，jingguogengfan
，kebabiaocengturangzhongyanfenfankoudaogengcengxiabian，baxiacenghanyanjiaoshaodeturangfandaobiaomian。fangengnengshusonggengzuoceng
，qieduanturangmaoxiguan，jianruoturangshuifenzhengfa，youxiaodikongzhiturangfanyan。yanjiandifangengdeshijianzuihaoshichunjiheqiuji。chun
、秋是返鹽較重的季節。秋季耕翻尤其有利於殺死病蟲卵
，清除雜草，深埋根茬
，加強有機質分解和遲效養分的釋放
，所以值得提倡。

 

    shishipadi。padikeshusongbiaotu，jieduanturangmaoxiguanshuixiangdibiaoshusongyanfen

，qidaofangzhifanyandezuoyong。padiyaoshishi，yaoqianchungeng
，qiangfugeng
，zaoqiugeng，gengganbugengshi。

 

    增施有機肥，合理施用化肥。鹽堿地一般有低溫、土瘦
、結構差的特點。有機肥經微生物分解
、zhuanhuaxingchengfuzhizhi，nengtigaoturangdehuanchongnengli
，bingkehetansuannazuoyongxingchengfuzhisuanna
，jiangditurangjianxing。fuzhisuannahainengcijizuowushengchang
，zengqiangkangyannengli。fuzhizhikeyicujintuanlijiegouxingcheng
，congershikongduzengjia，toushuixingzengqiang，youliyuyanfenlinxi
，yizhifanyan。youjizhizaifenjieguochengzhongchanshengdaliangyoujisuan，yifangmiankeyizhongheturangjianxing，lingyifangmiankejiasuyangfenfenjie


，cujinchixiaoyangfenzhuanhua，tigaolindeyouxiaoxing。yinci，zengshiyoujifeiliaoshigailiangyanjiandi，tigaoturangfeilidezhongyaocuoshi。

 

    ciwai，huafeiduigailiangyanjiandezuoyongyeshoudaorenmenzhongshi，huafeigeiturangzhongzengjiadanlinjia，cujinzuowushengchang

，tigaolezuowudenaiyanli。shiyonghuafeikeyigaibianturangyanfenzucheng，yizhiyanleiduizhiwudebuliangyingxiang。wujifeikezengjiazuowuchanliang，duochujiegan，kuodayoujifeiyuan，yiwujicuyouji。

 

    當然，鹽堿地施用化肥時要避免施用堿性肥料，如氨水、碳酸氫銨
、石灰氮、鈣鎂磷肥等，而應以中性和酸性肥料為好。硫酸鉀複合肥是微酸性肥料，適合在鹽堿地上施用，且有改良鹽堿地的良好作用。