小麥吸漿蟲是一種毀滅性的害蟲,對小麥的產量和質量影響非常大,它可使小麥常年減產1-2成,吸漿蟲發生的年份可減產4-5成,嚴重者達8-9成。
小麥吸漿蟲有麥紅吸漿蟲和麥黃吸漿蟲兩種,在我國基本上1年發生1代(dai),以(yi)成(cheng)長(chang)的(de)幼(you)蟲(chong)在(zai)土(tu)中(zhong)結(jie)繭(jian)越(yue)夏(xia)越(yue)冬(dong),來(lai)年(nian)春(chun)天(tian)由(you)土(tu)壤(rang)深(shen)層(ceng)向(xiang)地(di)麵(mian)移(yi)動(dong),然(ran)後(hou)化(hua)蛹(yong)羽(yu)化(hua)為(wei)紅(hong)色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)色(se)的(de)成(cheng)蟲(chong),體(ti)形(xing)象(xiang)蚊(wen)子(zi),再(zai)飛(fei)到(dao)麥(mai)穗(sui)上(shang)產(chan)卵(luan)。害(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)與(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)相(xiang)當(dang),當(dang)小(xiao)麥(mai)露(lu)臉(lian)抽(chou)穗(sui)時(shi),成(cheng)蟲(chong)羽(yu)化(hua)飛(fei)出(chu),當(dang)小(xiao)麥(mai)抽(chou)齊(qi)穗(sui)時(shi),大(da)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)蟲(chong)子(zi)都(dou)飛(fei)出(chu)來(lai)到(dao)麥(mai)穗(sui)上(shang)產(chan)卵(luan),經(jing)過(guo)4-5天,卵化出小幼蟲,幼蟲鑽到麥穗的麥粒上,用嘴刺破麥皮,吸食流出的漿液,造成麥子秕粒,導致減產。幼蟲經過15-20天,便離開麥穗鑽入土壤,一般在離地麵10厘米左右的表土最多,隨濕度的降低而鑽入地下20厘米左右處過冬。
防治吸漿蟲應采取以下措施:
選種抗蟲優良品種抗蟲。近年各地種植如威農151、徐川2111等,都對吸漿蟲具有較高的抗蟲性。
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