山東省臨沂市張新建8月4日ri來lai電dian話hua反fan映ying,當dang地di有you很hen多duo深shen水shui藕ou田tian的de蓮lian藕ou發fa病bing,病bing株zhu水shui下xia部bu分fen的de葉ye柄bing腐fu爛lan,有you的de地di下xia莖jing也ye腐fu爛lan,腐fu爛lan部bu位wei呈cheng條tiao紋wen狀zhuang。這zhe些xie藕ou塘tang連lian續xu種zhong藕ou6年,每年收獲後都不清理池塘,地勢低窪的藕塘發病重。灌雲縣圖河鄉陳福仁8月6日來電話反映,當地有20duomuqianshuioufabing,bingchuzaishangbuyebingchuchuxiankaishuitangshangzhuangban,yihoufaheifulan,yepianshangyeyoubuguizehesebandian,kuodahoulianjiechengdaban,zuihouyepiankusi,bingyelvda20%。他們問,蓮藕得了什麼病,怎麼防治。
據揚州大學水生蔬菜研究室江解增教授初步診斷,這兩個地方的蓮藕發生地下莖腐爛、葉片變褐色枯死等症狀,很可能是由蓮藕腐敗病引起的。
jiangjiezengshuo,fubaibingshilianoushangfashengbijiaopubiandeyizhongbinghai,meiniandouyoubutongchengdufasheng。wuhanshilianouzhongzhimianjida,dangdilianoufubaibingfashengyanzhong。woshengdabufendiqudeouzhongdoucongwuhanyinru,yincizhejinianwoshengbufendiquoutianfubaibingfashengyanzhong。fabinghouzhizhuweiguanshuhuibianhesefulan,yinerouduanshanghuichuxiantiaozhuangfulan。duonianlianzuodetiankuaitianjianbingjunleiji,fabingzhong。gaibingzhuyaoweihailianoudixiabu,shiyaohouyaowunanyizhidabingbu,fangzhijiaokunnan,caiqulunzuoheboqianjingxuanouzhongshifangzhigaibingzuiyouxiaodecuoshi。fabinghouyingjiangbingzhubachu,bingyongshengshihuifengxue,fangzhibingjunxiangwaikuosan。penshiduojunling、甲基硫菌靈等藥對病株沒有太好的治療效果,但能保護健株。
julejie,fubaibingzhuyaoweihailianoudixiajing,chuxianhesefulan,bingdaozhidishangbukuwei。bingchuyesebiandan,yeyuangankubianhese,bingxiangxiajuanqu,zuihouquanyegankubianhese,yebingyezishangerxiaweisuokusi,laoyebingbianhouzhubuxiangxinyemanyan。dixiajingshouhai,chuqizhengzhuangbumingxian,poushibingjingneibuweiguanshuxianbiandanhesezhihese,yihouzaiwaibuchuxianhesehuoziheisebingban,zuihouquanjingfulan,yinqidishangbukusi,yanzhongshiquantianyipiankuhuang。
該病由多種病菌侵染引起。病菌在種藕和藕田土中越冬,通過種苗和土壤傳播,也可以通過灌溉水進入藕田,向周圍藕田傳播。6月上旬開始發病,7月中旬至8月上旬盛發,病菌在23-30℃和連續陰雨、日照不足或暴風雨頻繁的條件下侵染快。藕田酸性大、水溫高於35℃、食根金花蟲危害重,或施用未腐熟的有機肥、偏施氮肥等發病重。
防治蓮藕腐敗病,一是選用健壯無病種藕,用70%甲基硫菌靈可濕性粉劑或75%百菌清可濕性粉劑或50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑800倍液噴霧,覆膜密閉24小時,晾幹後種植。二是合理輪作,以蓮藕、水稻、冬浸輪作或蓮藕、澤瀉輪作的形式最好。三是種植前深翻藕田,適當晾曬,每畝撒施生石灰200-250公斤。四是加強肥水管理,施足腐熟有機肥,氮磷鉀肥配合施用,生長期適時適量施肥,不偏施氮肥;科學管水,深淺適中,以水調溫調肥,防止因水溫過高或長期深灌加重發病。五是藥劑防治,用50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑600倍液或70%甲基硫菌靈可濕性粉劑700倍液噴霧。同時,每畝用50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑加75%百菌清可濕性粉劑500克拌細土30公斤,堆悶3-4小時後撒施,田間保持淺水層。兩種方法可以同時進行,每隔7天一次,連續防治2-3次。
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