為害症狀 白bai菜cai多duo在zai包bao心xin期qi開kai始shi發fa病bing,病bing株zhu由you葉ye柄bing基ji部bu開kai始shi發fa病bing,病bing部bu初chu為wei水shui浸jin狀zhuang半ban透tou明ming,後hou擴kuo大da為wei淡dan灰hui褐he色se濕shi腐fu,病bing組zu織zhi黏nian滑hua,失shi水shui後hou表biao麵mian下xia陷xian,常chang溢yi出chu汙wu白bai色se菌jun膿nong,並bing有you惡e臭chou,有you時shi引yin起qi髓sui部bu腐fu爛lan。發fa病bing初chu期qi,病bing株zhu外wai葉ye在zai烈lie日ri下xia下xia垂chui萎wei蔫nian,而er早zao晚wan可ke以yi複fu原yuan,後hou漸jian不bu能neng恢hui複fu原yuan狀zhuang,病bing株zhu外wai葉ye平ping貼tie地di麵mian,葉ye球qiu外wai露lu。也ye有you的de從cong外wai葉ye葉ye緣yuan或huo葉ye球qiu上shang開kai始shi腐fu爛lan,病bing葉ye幹gan燥zao後hou成cheng薄bo紙zhi狀zhuang。病bing株zhu易yi被bei腳jiao踢ti倒dao。大da白bai菜cai貯zhu存cun期qi間jian,病bing害hai繼ji續xu發fa展zhan,造zao成cheng爛lan窖jiao。 儲chu藏zang期qi間jian感gan染ran軟ruan腐fu病bing的de大da白bai菜cai,從cong傷shang口kou處chu開kai始shi發fa病bing,自zi外wai部bu葉ye片pian或huo葉ye幫bang基ji部bu向xiang裏li擴kuo展zhan。初chu期qi病bing部bu呈cheng浸jin潤run半ban透tou明ming狀zhuang,後hou期qi病bing部bu擴kuo大da,發fa展zhan為wei明ming顯xian的de水shui漬zi狀zhuang,表biao皮pi下xia陷xian,上shang有you汙wu白bai色se菌jun膿nong。病bing部bu組zu織zhi除chu維wei管guan束shu外wai全quan部bu軟ruan腐fu,並bing具ju惡e臭chou。菌jun源yuan是shi大da白bai菜cai體ti內nei潛qian伏fu的de軟ruan腐fu病bing病bing菌jun,在zai儲chu運yun期qi間jian通tong過guo與yu病bing株zhu的de接jie觸chu及ji傷shang口kou侵qin入ru。儲chu藏zang期qi間jian的de冷leng害hai凍dong傷shang,也ye是shi病bing菌jun侵qin入ru的de重zhong要yao門men戶hu。儲chu藏zang期qi間jian如ru缺que氧yang,發fa病bing更geng重zhong。
防止大白菜儲藏期間發生細菌性軟腐病,應先做好田間防治工作,認真治蟲減少病原入侵的傷口 苗期開始防治食葉及鑽蛀性害蟲如菜青蟲、甘藍夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、菜螟、根蛆、黃條跳甲等,此外,病毒病、霜黴病、黑腐病等病害都可能加重軟腐病的為害。因此,要做好這些病害的防治。田間藥劑防治 田間發現軟腐病株後立即拔除,病穴撒上石灰,全田噴農用鏈黴素4000倍液或新植黴素4000倍液,每10天1次,連續防治2?D3次,或每 667平方米用300克菜豐寧B1加水250升灌根。入窖前先除去病葉,並暴曬1天,使外葉萎焉,減少細菌入侵可能。采收、儲運過程中避免機械損傷。儲窖應先用福爾馬林等藥劑消毒。如有條件,應調節窖內溫度至2-5℃。大窖最好有通風窗,以便於調節窖內溫度,並在入窖1-2個月內每隔10-15天翻菜一次,使菜體表麵保持幹燥,並剔除病菜。
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