葉ye枯ku病bing是shi韭jiu菜cai重zhong要yao病bing害hai之zhi一yi,韭jiu菜cai發fa生sheng葉ye枯ku病bing,會hui嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang其qi產chan量liang和he品pin質zhi。因yin此ci,生sheng產chan上shang要yao重zhong視shi這zhe一yi病bing害hai的de防fang治zhi。下xia麵mian介jie紹shao韭jiu菜cai葉ye枯ku病bing的de主zhu要yao特te征zheng、發病條件和防治方法,供參考。
一、主要特征。韭菜葉枯病又稱晚疫病、斑ban枯ku病bing,主zhu要yao為wei害hai葉ye片pian,葉ye片pian染ran病bing多duo從cong葉ye尖jian或huo積ji水shui處chu開kai始shi侵qin染ran,初chu形xing成cheng白bai色se近jin橢tuo圓yuan形xing小xiao點dian,以yi後hou發fa展zhan成cheng長chang條tiao形xing或huo不bu規gui則ze形xing灰hui白bai色se壞huai死si斑ban,其qi上shang產chan生sheng黑hei色se黴mei狀zhuang物wu,嚴yan重zhong時shi病bing葉ye枯ku死si。花hua梗geng染ran病bing,初chu期qi也ye形xing成cheng近jin橢tuo圓yuan形xing白bai色se凹ao陷xian小xiao點dian,以yi後hou發fa展zhan成cheng壞huai死si枯ku斑ban,其qi上shang產chan生sheng黑hei色se黴mei層ceng,易yi從cong病bing部bu折zhe斷duan。有you時shi也ye在zai病bing部bu產chan生sheng許xu多duo黑hei色se小xiao粒li點dian,即ji病bing菌jun孢bao子zi。
二、fabingtiaojian。bingjunzhuyaoyijunsitiqianfuzaizhongpineihuosuizhebingcantijinruturangzhongjizhongzhugenbuyuedong,kecunhuoyinianyishang。bingjunkesuidaijunzhongzitiaoyun,zuoyuanjulichuanbo。bozhongdaijundezhongzi,changchudeyoujunjiweibingmiao,bingcantishangyuedongdebingjun,zaitiaojianshiyishi,chanshengfenshengbaoziqihefenshengbaozi,jiefenghuoyushuifeijianjinongshicaozuochuanbo。fabinghou,bingbanshangchanshengfenshengbaoziqijifenshengbaozi,jinxingzaiqinran。bingjunxilengliang、潮濕條件。因此,田間溫涼或白天幹旱,夜間霧露重時,或多雨高濕情況下發病嚴重;植株種植過密,氮肥用量過大、鉀肥不足,植株長勢過弱易致發病加重;地勢低窪,棚室透風、透氣、透光不良等都易造成發生流行。
三、防治方法。對韭菜葉枯病要采取綜合措施加以防治。⑴引進和選用適合當地栽培的高產抗病良種。⑵施用充分腐熟的農家肥,一般每畝施4000-5000公斤,並科學配合施用一定量的優質禽糞渣、草木灰等。⑶科學澆灌,切忌大水漫灌,注意保持土壤潤爽,提高韭菜抗病力。⑷設施栽培要注意通風、通氣、通光條件的改善。白天溫度23-26℃,相對濕度不要超過85%.⑸收獲時,對發病比較嚴重的田塊要盡可能低割,並及時清潔廂麵,處理病殘枯葉。⑹及早施藥防病,當韭菜嫩芽出土長到3-4厘米時,用50%為豐或50%葛藤必克或70%甲基托布津600-800倍液,或用前兩種藥兌64.4%殺毒礬,75%百菌清可濕性粉劑600倍液,或60%白菌通可濕性粉劑500倍液,或64%殺毒礬可濕性粉劑500倍液,或40%多硫膠懸劑500倍液,或40%多菌靈膠懸劑500倍液,或70%代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑400倍液,或50%福美雙可濕性粉劑400倍液,或80%大生可濕性粉劑800-1000倍液交替噴霧,每隔7-8天一次,連噴3次。
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