1.在高熱環境下,大棚月季植株白天蒸騰作用加快,呼吸作用加強,植物營養積累減少,整個植株出現虛弱狀態。
2.xiajidapengneideqiwenjiaogao,dibiaoshuifenzhengfakuai,zaishuifenzhanlidezuoyongxia,dibiaoshencengdeturangyanfenhuijinruturangbiaoceng,daozhiyuejizhizhubufenxinshenggenshousun,zaochengzhizhuxishui、吸肥困難,最終出現“小老株”現象。
3.在高熱環境下,大棚裏若不增加澆水次數,不能保持地表濕潤,會造成地表鹽分升高、空kong氣qi濕shi度du降jiang低di,同tong時shi會hui為wei蟎man類lei的de生sheng長chang創chuang造zao適shi宜yi環huan境jing,給gei防fang治zhi蟎man類lei帶dai來lai困kun難nan。而er若ruo過guo多duo澆jiao水shui,又you會hui造zao成cheng水shui肥fei流liu失shi過guo大da,加jia快kuai表biao層ceng土tu壤rang板ban結jie。
夏季大棚切花月季應做好以下3項生產管理工作,盡量避免出現上述問題。
一、防治洪澇
夏季是各地汛發高峰期,在汛來之前,要清理掉花棚周圍的雜草雜物,使水流渠道暢通,以便在汛來之時排水泄洪。
二、開啟大棚降溫設施
1.在大棚內拉遮光率為35%至45%的銀灰色遮光網。
2.每天及時打開大棚天窗。
3.大棚內應安裝噴灌設備,適時適量進行噴灌。
以上3項措施要達到的效果應是:大棚距地麵1.50米左右處的最高氣溫保持在35℃以下,空氣相對濕度保持在55%以上。這樣可迫使植株減少水分蒸騰,降低呼吸作用,為植株的營養積累創造條件,奠定生產優質切花月季的基礎。
三、加強植株田間管理
1.在種植表麵蓋兩三厘米厚的保水覆蓋物(發酵鬆軟)。如:鋸末、打碎的糧食作物的副產物等,以保持地表濕潤,減少地表水分蒸發,降低淺土層EC值、增加土壤表層的空氣濕度,降低植株群體溫度,為地下部幼根生長發育和地上部幼枝的健康成長創造有利的條件。
2.shishizhengxingbingjishixietiaozhizhudixiabuyudishangbushengchang。dapengyuejijinruxiaji,fayakuai,chouzhiduo,danruozhiduo,qiangzhishao。cishi,ruozhengxingguoduo,shibiyinqidishangbuyudixiabushengchangbuxietiao,zaochengkuzhuangsimiaohuo“小老株”的出現,而若任植株自然生長,則又會失去生長意義。為此,適時摘除弱枝、nencha,quebaomeizhuyousiwugenjiankangyingyangzhi,shixiajidapengyuejijianshaozhizhuyangfenhaosun,xietiaodishangbuyudixiabushengchang,yingzaoshiyizhizhushengchangtianjianxiaoqihoudeyouxiaofangfa,yeshixiajishengchanyouzhiyuejiqiehuadeyixiangzhongyaocuoshi。
3.kexueguanshui。xiajidedapengyuejishengchan,shuifenzhengfaliangda,jiaoshuideduheliangyoumingxiangaibian,meicidejiaoshuishijianyanchang,jiaoshuidejiangeshijiansuoduan。zheyangzuo,suibaozhuledibiaodeshirun,danyizaochengbiaotubanjie,feishuiliushi,bufendikuaixiabugenxichangqijishui,zaochengsigendayuhuogen,zuizhong,chanpinzhiliangxiajiang,shengchanchengbentigao。ruhezuodaoxiajidapengmeiguidekexueguanshui,guanjianshizaishangmiansagaisongruantouqibaoshuifugaiwu,rangqisuozhubufendibiaozhengfashuihebufenjiaoguanshui,yanchangdibiaoshirunshijian,jianshaojiaoshuilianghejiaoshuicishu,fangzhibiaotubanjie,zengjiaturanghanyangliang,cujinzhigenjiankangshengchang,zuizhongdadaogenshenyemao,chanchuyouzhiqiehuademude。
4.係統防治蟎類。蟎類在夏季大棚月季的危害最為普遍,危害程度也最大。它能造成月季植株出現生長不良、花葉畸形、落葉褪色、chouzhifayachihuandengxianxiang。xitongfangzhimanlei,shouxianyaoqingchuzhizhuguoduozhiye,shiyaojinengpendaosijiao。qici,jiangdidapengneidewendu,zengjiakongqishidu。zuihou,yingjiaotishiyongjizhongbutongjixingdeshamanji,yidadaoxiaochumanleiweihaidemude。
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