3月20日是“春分”,這一天正當春季九十日之半,故得此名。民間素有“春分秋分,晝夜平分”的諺語。春分之後晝長夜短,氣溫漸高。“春分”對於農業生產活動有著重要的影響。
對(dui)於(yu)北(bei)方(fang)來(lai)說(shuo),春(chun)分(fen)是(shi)春(chun)季(ji)的(de)開(kai)始(shi),而(er)對(dui)於(yu)南(nan)方(fang)來(lai)說(shuo),春(chun)分(fen)已(yi)經(jing)是(shi)暮(mu)春(chun)時(shi)節(jie)了(le)。隨(sui)著(zhe)春(chun)分(fen)的(de)到(dao)來(lai),全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)許(xu)多(duo)不(bu)同(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)適(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)期(qi)已(yi)經(jing)到(dao)來(lai)。季(ji)節(jie)不(bu)等(deng)人(ren),必(bi)須(xu)抓(zhua)緊(jin)農(nong)事(shi)活(huo)動(dong)。
zaihuabeidiquhehuanghuaipingyuan,chunfenzhengshidongxiaomaidebajieqi,beifangchunjishaoyuyaozhuajinjiaohaobajieshui,shihaobajiefei。bajiefeishigaochanxiaomaideguanjianxingzhuifei。xiaomaizaibajieqishengchangfayudouwangsheng,jichangjingganheyepian,youjinxingmaisuideyousuifenhua,xuyaojiaoduodeyangfen,zheshizhuajinshifeikeyizengjiasuishuhejieshilv。bajiefeizhuyaoshishiyongsuxiaodanfei。bajiefeideheshiyongliangheqiadangshijianyaogenjumiaoqinghediqingfenleizhangwo,jiyaofangzhituofeizaoshuaiyinqisuishaolishaoerjianchan,youyaofangzhiguofeiguowang,yinqidaofuerjianchan。conggaochanxiaomaidechangxiangkan,bajieqichuxianyesetuidanshizhengchangde,tafanyinglexiaomaiyouyingyangshengchangzhuanrushengzhishengchangjieduan,zhongbuyepianbuyinggaiwangchang。suoyizaizhexiaomaiquntiyepiantuidanzhishi,yeshijibudiyijiejianshenchangdaodingchangzhishi,shiyongbajiefeizuiweiheshi。zheshishidifeibujinbuhuiyinqidaofufaneryouliyuzhuanggandasui;erduiyumiaoqingguowang,yepianrengranlvse,yepiandaerpichuidemaitianzekeyibushihuotuichidaoyepiantuilvshizaishaoshi,fouzehuizaochengquntiguodajingganruanruoerchanshengdaofudaozhijianchan。kejian,xiaomaibajiefeihenzhongyao,ershifeijishudezhangwohenguanjian。
以華北地區為例,冬小麥拔節肥的施用原則為,因地因苗分類掌握:
第一,對於受旱嚴重、出現點片黃苗、死苗的麥田,在土壤解凍後立即澆水保苗,同時采用氮肥分次追肥的原則。返青時先施用尿素5~7公斤,促苗早發。待拔節時再視苗情適量施用氮肥;適宜分兩次施尿素的麥田還有返青前畝總莖數小於45萬的水澆地麥田,春後第二次在拔節期隨澆水追施10~15公斤尿素。
第二,苗情在返青前畝總莖數為45~60萬的水澆地麥田,結合起身期澆水畝追尿素10~14公斤。而苗情在返青前畝總莖數已達60~80萬的麥田,應實施氮肥後移,等到拔節期麥苗群體出現褪綠時,再追肥澆水,畝施尿素12~15公斤。
第三,旱地麥田,要鎮壓與劃鋤結合,提墒保墒,提高小麥本身的抗旱能力。趁早春土壤返漿或降雨,用化肥耬或開溝施入尿素5~7公斤。
關於長江中下遊冬小麥拔節肥的施氮比例:在普通小麥上施用氮肥總量的20%作拔節肥,而在強筋小麥上,拔節肥的用量比例要增加到氮肥總量的40%~50%才符合其高產的特殊營養需求。
手機版




