實(shi)踐(jian)證(zheng)明(ming),核(he)桃(tao)屬(shu)異(yi)花(hua)同(tong)株(zhu)植(zhi)物(wu),花(hua)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)四(si)月(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)。雌(ci)花(hua)芽(ya)為(wei)混(hun)合(he)芽(ya),春(chun)季(ji)萌(meng)發(fa)後(hou)抽(chou)生(sheng)結(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)。雄(xiong)花(hua)芽(ya)為(wei)裸(luo)芽(ya),散(san)粉(fen)後(hou)脫(tuo)落(luo)。花(hua)粉(fen)黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se),靠(kao)風(feng)傳(chuan)播(bo),有(you)效(xiao)傳(chuan)粉(fen)範(fan)圍(wei)200米左右。核桃的雌花和雄花往往不能同時開放,盛花期相差3~10天。有的品種雌花先開,雄花後開,雌先型;有(you)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)雄(xiong)花(hua)先(xian)開(kai),雌(ci)花(hua)後(hou)開(kai),雄(xiong)先(xian)型(xing)。雌(ci)先(xian)型(xing)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)雄(xiong)花(hua)開(kai)放(fang)時(shi),雌(ci)花(hua)柱(zhu)頭(tou)已(yi)萎(wei)蔫(nian),失(shi)去(qu)接(jie)受(shou)花(hua)粉(fen)的(de)能(neng)力(li),雄(xiong)先(xian)型(xing)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)雌(ci)花(hua)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi),雄(xiong)花(hua)已(yi)脫(tuo)落(luo),失(shi)去(qu)授(shou)粉(fen)機(ji)會(hui)。未(wei)授(shou)粉(fen)的(de)雌(ci)花(hua)多(duo)數(shu)會(hui)脫(tuo)落(luo),少(shao)數(shu)也(ye)能(neng)發(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)果(guo)實(shi),但(dan)種(zhong)仁(ren)幹(gan)癟(bie),形(xing)成(cheng)空(kong)殼(ke),影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)量(liang),所(suo)以(yi),核(he)桃(tao)建(jian)園(yuan)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)配(pei)置(zhi)授(shou)粉(fen)樹(shu)。
常見雌先型的品種有綠波、香鈴、中林1號等,雄先品種有遼寧1號、魯光、豐(feng)輝(hui)等(deng),如(ru)果(guo)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)是(shi)雌(ci)先(xian)型(xing),授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)種(zhong)應(ying)選(xuan)雄(xiong)先(xian)型(xing),主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)是(shi)雄(xiong)先(xian)型(xing),授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)種(zhong)則(ze)應(ying)選(xuan)雄(xiong)先(xian)型(xing)。核(he)桃(tao)園(yuan)一(yi)般(ban)隻(zhi)選(xuan)一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong),以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)核(he)桃(tao)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)一(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)。授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)種(zhong)可(ke)選(xuan)1~3個,授粉樹的配置比例可按1:8或1:10,即每隔8~10行配置一行授粉樹。
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