電泳儀是實現電泳分析的儀器。一般由電源、電泳槽、檢(jian)測(ce)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)。所(suo)謂(wei)電(dian)泳(yong)，是(shi)指(zhi)帶(dai)電(dian)粒(li)子(zi)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)，不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)質(zhi)由(you)於(yu)所(suo)帶(dai)電(dian)荷(he)及(ji)分(fen)子(zi)量(liang)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)速(su)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)
，據(ju)此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)質(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)性(xing)或(huo)定(ding)量(liang)分(fen)析(xi)
，或(huo)將(jiang)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)進(jin)行(xing)組(zu)分(fen)分(fen)析(xi)或(huo)單(dan)個(ge)組(zu)分(fen)提(ti)取(qu)製(zhi)備(bei)。電(dian)泳(yong)儀(yi)是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)泳(yong)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)。電(dian)泳(yong)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)帶(dai)電(dian)分(fen)子(zi)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)向(xiang)著(zhe)電(dian)性(xing)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)電(dian)極(ji)移(yi)動(dong)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。利(li)用(yong)電(dian)泳(yong)現(xian)象(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)分(fen)離(li)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)，稱(cheng)電(dian)泳(yong)技(ji)術(shu)。

工作原理：在溶液中能吸附帶電質點或本身帶有可解離基團的物質顆粒，如蛋白質
、氨基酸等
，在pH值(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，於(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)會(hui)受(shou)到(dao)電(dian)性(xing)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)電(dian)極(ji)吸(xi)引(yin)而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)移(yi)動(dong)。不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)顆(ke)粒(li)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)的(de)移(yi)動(dong)速(su)度(du)除(chu)與(yu)其(qi)帶(dai)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)和(he)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)度(du)有(you)關(guan)外(wai)，還(hai)與(yu)顆(ke)粒(li)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)
、形xing狀zhuang和he介jie質zhi黏nian度du有you關guan。根gen據ju這zhe一yi特te征zheng

，應ying用yong電dian泳yong法fa便bian可ke以yi對dui不bu同tong物wu質zhi進jin行xing定ding性xing或huo定ding量liang分fen析xi
，或huo將jiang混hun合he物wu進jin行xing組zu分fen分fen析xi或huo單dan個ge組zu分fen提ti取qu製zhi備bei
，電dian泳yong儀yi正zheng是shi基ji於yu上shang述shu原yuan理li設she計ji製zhi造zao的de。電dian泳yong的de影ying響xiang因yin素su很hen多duo，主zhu要yao有you被bei分fen離li物wu質zhi的de帶dai電dian荷he量liang多duo少shao、電場強度、緩衝液的pH值和離子強度及支持介質的化學惰性。