國內草皮生產者常受禿斑的困擾,嚴重影響了出坪率和銷售。以華北地區為例,高羊茅和草地早熟禾草皮的生產周期通常為3個月左右,多數農場的苗床準備、播種和噴灌等操作使用的都是小型機械,禿斑的主要成因與這些操作的規範程度密切相關。
整地 整地的好壞直接影響出苗率和苗期水分管理的難度。主要有3gewentixuyaozhuyi,shouxianshishenfangeng,xuduorenweileqiangboqi,duonianbushenfangeng,chelianghejijudenianyashixiacengturangjinshi,erbozhongqiandeqianxuangengjingaishanlebiaotu,zheyangdeturangtiaojianhuiyinqiduozhongwenti,youdejidishenzhichuxianleqicaopishizhongxingkachechezhexingzhuangdequemiao,zhejiushijubuturangguodujinshidejieguo。youcihaihuiyinqipaishuibuchang,bingchonghaiduo,turangbaoshuinenglichaqiejinshidubujunyundengwenti,weimiaoqiguanlizaochenglehendadekunnan。suoyijianyizhishaomei2年至3年深耕翻或重耙一次,充分改善下層土壤的滲透和通氣性,並能使中上層土壤的質地更均勻。
zhengdizhongdelingyigezhuyaowentishipingzhengdu,bupingzhengdetudihuidaozhiguangaishuifenbubuyunbingxingchengdibiaojingliu,zhijieyingxiangchumiaodejunyunduhemiaochuangshuifenjunyun,zhezhuyaoshiyouyujiaoshuishizhongziyibeichongzou,miaochuangyehennanbaochiyizhideshuifenzhuangkuang,jieguohenrongyixingchengquemiaotuban,suoyimeicibozhongqianbixurenzhenpingzheng。
zhengdizhongdezuihouyigewentishidatukuai,tebieshiturangzhidizhanzhongdedikuai,datukuaidecunzaihuiyanzhongyingxiangbozhonghechumiaodejunyundu,yingzaiturangweishishiyongyuanpanpahuojilunzhenyaqidengjixiechongfenposui。
播種 jianyishiyongzhuanyongbozhongji,bujinxiaolvgao,qienengdadaogenggaodejunyunduhegengzhunquedeboliang。shiyongshouyaobozhongjiduigongrendeshulianchengduyaoqiuhengao,bozhonghouxuduociyongfutupafutubingzhenya,cainengquebaochumiaojunyun。
草(cao)坪(ping)種(zhong)子(zi)小(xiao)而(er)輕(qing),播(bo)後(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)淺(qian),部(bu)分(fen)種(zhong)子(zi)會(hui)留(liu)在(zai)地(di)表(biao),播(bo)種(zhong)後(hou)的(de)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)可(ke)使(shi)其(qi)與(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)更(geng)緊(jin)密(mi)接(jie)觸(chu),顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)發(fa)芽(ya)和(he)出(chu)苗(miao)率(lv),所(suo)以(yi)播(bo)種(zhong)後(hou)多(duo)滾(gun)壓(ya)是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)。
苗期水分管理 miaoqishuifenguanlibushanzaochengdecaopingtubanfeichangchangjian,pentouwuhuabuhaohuodishibupinghuichongzouzhongzi,pentoufenbubuhelihuizaochengguangaibujunyun,turangzhidichabiedayehuishibaoshuinenglichadedifangxianganzaosimiao。
播種後的首次噴灌必須澆透,通常需要噴水1.5至2小時,澆水後確保濕土層達到15limiqiemeiyouloujiaoheshaojiaodikuai,zheyangkequebaoshencengshuifenlianghao,cujincaopinggenxixiangshencengfazhanbingjiangdimiaoqihouxujiaoshuinandu,ruyudishibupinghuoturangpaishuibuhao,kezaichuxianjishuishizanting1小時再繼續。
播種後一個月左右的苗期水分管理很關鍵,濕潤的苗床是草坪成功建植的首要條件,依據土質和氣候條件,通常每2至3天澆水一次,砂質土壤或幹熱氣候條件下可能需要每天或隔天澆水。如首次澆水充分,後續每次澆水時間一般40分鍾到1小時即可,這時如果有地勢不平或土壤緊實度不一致的情況則需更頻繁地澆水,工作強度將更高。
需要注意的是,澆水也不能過多,早春過多澆水會阻礙地溫上升,延緩出苗。初秋夜間氣溫高於20℃時,過多的澆水可能引起苗期病害。一般再次澆水前,約一半表土變幹,但幹土深度不得超過1厘米。
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