一、duanjie。jibazhitiaodeyibufenjianqu。qizhuyaomudeshicijiceyamengfa,choushengxinshao,zengjiazhitiaoshuliang,duofayeduokaihua。genjuduanjiedechengdukefenweiyixiajizhong:
⑴輕短截:輕剪枝條的頂梢(剪去枝條全長的1/5至1/4 ),zhuyaoyongyuhuaguoleishumuqiangzhuangzhixiujian。cizhongxiujianfangfazaizhitiaoqudiaodingshaohou,cijiqixiabuduoshubanbaomanyademengfa,fensanzhitiaoyangfen,shilainianyuanlinguanshanghuaguoshuleidezhitiaonengchanshenggengduozhongduanzhi,yixingchenghuaya。⑵中短截:剪到枝條中部或中上部飽滿芽處(剪枝條長度1/3至1/2 ),主要用於某些弱枝複壯以及各種樹木培養骨幹枝和延長枝。⑶重短截:剪去枝條全長的2/3至3/4。此種修剪方法刺激作用大,主要用於弱樹、老樹、老弱枝的更新複壯。⑷極重短截:在枝條基部留1-2個芽,其餘全部剪去。園林中紫薇常采用此方法。⑸回縮:是shi將jiang多duo年nian生sheng的de枝zhi條tiao剪jian去qu一yi部bu分fen。因yin樹shu木mu多duo年nian生sheng長chang,離li枝zhi頂ding遠yuan,基ji部bu易yi光guang腿tui,為wei了le降jiang低di頂ding端duan優you勢shi位wei置zhi,促cu多duo年nian生sheng枝zhi條tiao基ji部bu更geng新xin複fu壯zhuang,常chang采cai用yong回hui縮suo修xiu剪jian方fang法fa。
二、疏shu剪jian或huo疏shu刪shan。將jiang枝zhi條tiao自zi分fen生sheng處chu剪jian去qu,疏shu剪jian可ke以yi調tiao節jie枝zhi條tiao均jun勻yun分fen布bu,加jia大da空kong間jian,改gai善shan通tong風feng透tou光guang條tiao件jian,有you利li於yu樹shu冠guan內nei部bu枝zhi條tiao生sheng長chang發fa育yu和he花hua芽ya分fen化hua。疏shu剪jian的de對dui象xiang主zhu要yao是shi病bing蟲chong枝zhi、幹枯枝、過密的交叉枝等。
三、chunie。chuqushumuzhuganjibujishangkoufujindangnianchangchudenenzhihuogenbuchangchudegennie。bimianzhexiezhitiaohegennieyouaishuxing,fensanshutiyangfen。zaishumuxiujianzhongyaozhuyiyixiajigewenti:
1、修剪枝條的剪口要平滑,與剪口芽成45度du角jiao的de斜xie麵mian,從cong剪jian口kou的de對dui側ce下xia剪jian,斜xie麵mian上shang方fang與yu剪jian口kou芽ya尖jian相xiang平ping,斜xie麵mian最zui低di部bu分fen和he芽ya基ji相xiang平ping,這zhe樣yang剪jian口kou傷shang麵mian小xiao,容rong易yi愈yu合he,芽ya萌meng發fa後hou生sheng長chang快kuai。疏shu枝zhi的de剪jian口kou,於yu分fen枝zhi點dian處chu剪jian去qu,與yu幹gan平ping,不bu留liu殘can樁zhuang。叢cong生sheng灌guan木mu疏shu枝zhi與yu地di麵mian相xiang平ping。剪jian口kou芽ya的de方fang向xiang、質zhi量liang,決jue定ding新xin梢shao生sheng長chang方fang向xiang和he枝zhi條tiao的de生sheng長chang方fang向xiang。選xuan擇ze剪jian口kou芽ya的de方fang向xiang應ying從cong樹shu冠guan內nei枝zhi條tiao的de分fen布bu狀zhuang況kuang和he期qi望wang新xin枝zhi長chang勢shi的de強qiang弱ruo考kao慮lv,需xu向xiang外wai擴kuo張zhang樹shu冠guan時shi,剪jian口kou芽ya應ying留liu在zai枝zhi條tiao外wai側ce,如ru欲yu填tian補bu內nei膛tang空kong虛xu,剪jian口kou芽ya方fang向xiang應ying朝chao內nei,對dui生sheng長chang過guo旺wang的de枝zhi條tiao,為wei抑yi製zhi枝zhi條tiao它ta生sheng長chang,以yi弱ruo芽ya當dang剪jian口kou芽ya,扶fu弱ruo枝zhi時shi選xuan飽bao滿man的de壯zhuang芽ya。
2、在對較大的樹枝和樹幹修剪時,可采用分步作業法。先在離要求鋸口上方20厘(li)米(mi)處(chu),從(cong)枝(zhi)條(tiao)下(xia)方(fang)向(xiang)上(shang)鋸(ju)一(yi)切(qie)口(kou),深(shen)度(du)為(wei)枝(zhi)幹(gan)粗(cu)度(du)的(de)一(yi)半(ban),從(cong)上(shang)方(fang)將(jiang)枝(zhi)幹(gan)鋸(ju)斷(duan),留(liu)下(xia)一(yi)條(tiao)殘(can)樁(zhuang),然(ran)後(hou)從(cong)鋸(ju)口(kou)處(chu)鋸(ju)除(chu)殘(can)樁(zhuang),可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)枝(zhi)幹(gan)壁(bi)裂(lie)。
3、在鋸除較大的枝幹,造成傷口麵較大,常因雨淋或病菌侵入而腐爛。因此在鋸除樹木枝幹時,鋸口一定要平整,並用20%的硫酸銅溶液來消毒,最後塗上保護劑(保護蠟、調和漆等),起防腐防幹和促進愈合的作用。
4、落luo葉ye樹shu和he常chang綠lv樹shu的de修xiu剪jian時shi期qi應ying有you區qu別bie。冬dong季ji落luo葉ye樹shu停ting止zhi生sheng長chang,這zhe時shi修xiu剪jian養yang分fen損sun失shi少shao,傷shang口kou愈yu合he快kuai。而er常chang綠lv樹shu雖sui冬dong季ji為wei其qi休xiu眠mian期qi,但dan剪jian去qu枝zhi葉ye有you凍dong害hai的de危wei險xian。由you於yu常chang綠lv樹shu木mu的de根gen與yu枝zhi葉ye終zhong年nian活huo動dong,新xin陳chen代dai謝xie不bu止zhi,故gu葉ye內nei養yang分fen不bu完wan全quan用yong於yu貯zhu藏zang,剪jian去qu枝zhi葉ye時shi,其qi中zhong養yang分fen損sun失shi,影ying響xiang樹shu木mu生sheng長chang。常chang綠lv樹shu修xiu剪jian時shi期qi一yi般ban在zai冬dong季ji已yi過guo的de晚wan春chun。
5、在zai修xiu剪jian中zhong工gong具ju應ying保bao持chi鋒feng利li。上shang樹shu機ji械xie和he折zhe梯ti,使shi用yong前qian應ying檢jian查zha各ge個ge部bu件jian是shi否fou靈ling活huo,有you無wu鬆song動dong,防fang止zhi事shi故gu的de發fa生sheng。上shang樹shu操cao作zuo係xi好hao安an全quan繩sheng。在zai高gao壓ya線xian附fu近jin作zuo業ye時shi,要yao特te別bie注zhu意yi安an全quan,避bi免mian觸chu電dian,必bi要yao時shi請qing供gong電dian部bu門men配pei合he。行xing道dao樹shu修xiu剪jian時shi,有you專zhuan人ren維wei護hu現xian場chang,以yi防fang鋸ju落luo大da枝zhi砸za傷shang過guo往wang行xing人ren和he車che輛liang。
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