症 狀:春chun天tian,在zai落luo葉ye鬆song針zhen葉ye上shang先xian出chu現xian短duan段duan褪tui綠lv斑ban,其qi上shang有you淺qian黃huang色se小xiao點dian,為wei病bing原yuan菌jun的de性xing孢bao子zi器qi。褪tui綠lv斑ban下xia表biao麵mian產chan生sheng半ban球qiu形xing橘ju黃huang色se的de小xiao皰pao,表biao皮pi破po裂lie後hou露lu出chu黃huang粉fen堆dui,為wei病bing原yuan菌jun的de鏽xiu孢bao子zi器qi,有you時shi幾ji個ge連lian成cheng一yi條tiao。受shou病bing針zhen葉ye局ju部bu變bian黃huang、逐(zhu)漸(jian)幹(gan)枯(ku)。感(gan)病(bing)楊(yang)葉(ye)背(bei)麵(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)半(ban)球(qiu)形(xing)橘(ju)黃(huang)色(se)小(xiao)皰(pao),為(wei)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)。晚(wan)夏(xia)以(yi)後(hou),在(zai)葉(ye)麵(mian)長(chang)出(chu)稍(shao)隆(long)起(qi)的(de)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)斑(ban),初(chu)為(wei)鐵(tie)鏽(xiu)色(se),逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)為(wei)暗(an)褐(he)色(se),為(wei)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)。病(bing)重(zhong)的(de)葉(ye)片(pian)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)連(lian)結(jie)成(cheng)片(pian),甚(shen)至(zhi)布(bu)滿(man)整(zheng)個(ge)葉(ye)麵(mian)。
病 原:病原為落葉鬆楊柵鏽菌(Melampsora larici-populina Kleb.),隸屬擔子菌亞門、冬孢菌綱、鏽菌目、柵鏽菌屬真菌。
發病規律:落luo葉ye鬆song楊yang鏽xiu菌jun屬shu於yu轉zhuan主zhu寄ji生sheng長chang循xun環huan型xing生sheng活huo史shi真zhen菌jun。以yi冬dong孢bao子zi在zai楊yang落luo葉ye上shang越yue冬dong。春chun天tian,落luo地di病bing葉ye上shang的de冬dong孢bao子zi經jing水shui浸jin泡pao,萌meng發fa產chan生sheng擔dan孢bao子zi,擔dan孢bao子zi借jie風feng力li飛fei於yu落luo葉ye鬆song葉ye上shang,萌meng發fa後hou穿chuan透tou表biao皮pi或huo從cong氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru,產chan生sheng性xing孢bao子zi器qi及ji鏽xiu孢bao子zi器qi。鏽xiu孢bao子zi借jie風feng力li飛fei落luo到dao楊yang葉ye上shang,萌meng發fa從cong氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru或huo穿chuan透tou表biao皮pi侵qin入ru,產chan生sheng夏xia孢bao子zi堆dui。夏xia孢bao子zi可ke重zhong複fu產chan生sheng,重zhong複fu侵qin染ran,從cong而er擴kuo大da和he加jia重zhong病bing情qing。晚wan夏xia以yi後hou,逐zhu漸jian長chang出chu冬dong孢bao子zi堆dui。冬dong孢bao子zi隨sui病bing葉ye落luo地di越yue冬dong。多duo雨yu的de年nian份fen和he地di區qu,生sheng長chang密mi集ji,通tong風feng不bu良liang的de潮chao濕shi環huan境jing中zhong,病bing情qing嚴yan重zhong。青qing楊yang派pai高gao度du感gan病bing,黑hei楊yang派pai抗kang病bing至zhi高gao度du抗kang病bing,白bai楊yang派pai免mian疫yi。
防 治:①避免近距離混植落葉樹和楊樹。②藥劑防治:波爾多液、百菌清、50%多菌靈500倍液,80%代森鋅500倍液,50%托布津800倍液,70%甲基托布津1 000倍液,50%退菌特500倍液,波美0.3度石硫合劑,敵鏽鈉200-500倍液,粉鏽寧1 500倍液等,防治本病都有比較好的效果。③選育抗鏽病樹種。
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