近幾年來,楊樹潰瘍病發生普遍,嚴重地塊發病率在30%以yi上shang,已yi成cheng為wei製zhi約yue速su生sheng楊yang發fa展zhan的de主zhu要yao因yin素su。楊yang樹shu苗miao在zai苗miao圃pu中zhong即ji可ke被bei浸jin染ran,但dan多duo不bu表biao現xian症zheng狀zhuang,隻zhi有you當dang楊yang樹shu生sheng長chang衰shuai弱ruo時shi才cai發fa病bing,發fa病bing往wang往wang從cong莖jing部bu的de傷shang口kou、皮孔、死si芽ya及ji凍dong傷shang處chu開kai始shi,形xing成cheng橢tuo圓yuan形xing或huo不bu規gui則ze形xing的de黑hei褐he色se壞huai死si病bing斑ban,當dang病bing斑ban橫heng向xiang擴kuo展zhan圍wei住zhu樹shu幹gan或huo枝zhi條tiao一yi周zhou時shi,就jiu會hui造zao成cheng幼you樹shu死si亡wang和he大da樹shu枯ku梢shao。常見的楊樹潰瘍病有兩種類型,即真菌性潰瘍病和細菌性潰瘍病,因病原不同,其症狀和防治方法也會有一些差別,應予對症防治。
楊樹真菌性潰瘍病 由you真zhen菌jun引yin起qi的de潰kui瘍yang病bing又you可ke分fen為wei水shui泡pao型xing和he枯ku枝zhi型xing兩liang類lei。前qian者zhe隻zhi發fa生sheng在zai光guang皮pi楊yang樹shu上shang,在zai皮pi孔kong的de邊bian緣yuan形xing成cheng水shui泡pao,初chu為wei圓yuan形xing,極ji小xiao,後hou水shui泡pao變bian大da,常chang稱cheng為wei水shui泡pao型xing潰kui瘍yang病bing。泡pao內nei充chong滿man淡dan褐he色se液ye體ti,隨sui後hou水shui泡pao破po裂lie,流liu出chu淡dan褐he色se液ye體ti,遇yu空kong氣qi變bian為wei黑hei褐he色se,最zui後hou幹gan枯ku下xia陷xian,中zhong間jian有you一yi縱zong裂lie小xiao縫feng。後hou者zhe在zai發fa病bing時shi樹shu皮pi上shang出chu現xian水shui漬zi狀zhuang小xiao圓yuan斑ban,稍shao隆long起qi,手shou壓ya有you濕shi潤run感gan,後hou幹gan縮suo成cheng微wei陷xian的de圓yuan斑ban,呈cheng黑hei褐he色se。防fang治zhi措cuo施shi:一是選用抗病的楊樹優良品種,如I-107楊、L35楊、中荷1號楊、I-72楊、中林23楊(yang)等(deng)。二(er)是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)苗(miao)木(mu)管(guan)理(li)。清(qing)除(chu)苗(miao)圃(pu)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)病(bing)樹(shu),減(jian)少(shao)浸(jin)染(ran)源(yuan)。起(qi)苗(miao)栽(zai)植(zhi)時(shi)保(bao)護(hu)根(gen)係(xi),盡(jin)量(liang)防(fang)止(zhi)傷(shang)根(gen),運(yun)輸(shu)假(jia)植(zhi)時(shi)保(bao)持(chi)水(shui)分(fen),最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)起(qi)苗(miao)後(hou)立(li)即(ji)浸(jin)入(ru)水(shui)中(zhong)24小時,以利於樹皮保持含水量,栽植時剪去梢頭及側枝,造林後加強林分的撫育管理,增強樹勢。三是藥劑防治。發病期間可用菌特淨100倍液、50%多菌靈100倍液、菌毒清300倍液噴灑或塗幹。
楊樹細菌性潰瘍病 由(you)細(xi)菌(jun)浸(jin)染(ran)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)楊(yang)樹(shu)病(bing)害(hai)。發(fa)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi),樹(shu)幹(gan)皮(pi)孔(kong)附(fu)近(jin)出(chu)現(xian)水(shui)泡(pao),手(shou)壓(ya)即(ji)流(liu)出(chu)帶(dai)臭(chou)味(wei)的(de)液(ye)體(ti),其(qi)內(nei)含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)細(xi)菌(jun)。最(zui)後(hou)病(bing)部(bu)幹(gan)縮(suo)下(xia)陷(xian)成(cheng)潰(kui)瘍(yang)斑(ban),斑(ban)處(chu)皮(pi)層(ceng)變(bian)褐(he)色(se)腐(fu)爛(lan),嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)樹(shu)皮(pi)全(quan)部(bu)腐(fu)爛(lan),全(quan)株(zhu)枯(ku)死(si)。防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi):yishijiaqiangjianyi,yanjincongyiqutiaozhongzaolin。ershijiaqiangmiaopuguanli。zaiqianchayumiaoshi,yongbomofugai,fangzhiganhanhedonghai,tigaodiwen,cujinmiaomushengchangjianzhuang,tigaokangbingxing。zaiyumiaochasuiqian,jiangsuitiaojinzai600×10-6的農用鏈黴素液體中,浸泡24小(xiao)時(shi),以(yi)誘(you)發(fa)對(dui)細(xi)菌(jun)的(de)抗(kang)性(xing),有(you)利(li)於(yu)提(ti)高(gao)種(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)抗(kang)病(bing)能(neng)力(li)。三(san)是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)營(ying)林(lin)措(cuo)施(shi)。可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)取(qu)造(zao)混(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)或(huo)栽(zai)植(zhi)抗(kang)性(xing)強(qiang)的(de)楊(yang)樹(shu)品(pin)種(zhong),優(you)化(hua)林(lin)分(fen)結(jie)構(gou),培(pei)育(yu)有(you)自(zi)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)林(lin),有(you)利(li)於(yu)控(kong)製(zhi)細(xi)菌(jun)性(xing)潰(kui)瘍(yang)病(bing)。對(dui)病(bing)死(si)樹(shu)和(he)重(zhong)病(bing)樹(shu)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)伐(fa)除(chu),杜(du)絕(jue)浸(jin)染(ran)源(yuan)。四(si)是(shi)藥(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)。移(yi)栽(zai)大(da)苗(miao),可(ke)於(yu)早(zao)春(chun)刷(shua)白(bai)塗(tu)劑(ji),或(huo)用(yong)1∶1∶160波爾多液或0.5波美度的石硫合劑噴幹,預防感染。還可在早春楊樹萌芽前或秋季落葉後,向苗木噴灑600×10-6的農用鏈黴素加樹木防凍劑110倍液,防止苗木遭受凍害,提高抗病能力。若發病率在 50%以上時,塗幹已無效,可平茬。
手機版




