棉花大量上桃後突然死苗的現象的確是經常遇到的,常見的有四種死苗的症狀:
第一種是棉花在經曆了久旱之後,陡然遇上了大到暴雨,有的棉花葉片從基部到頂部都出現紅葉蔫萎,進而枯死,而棉株上仍保留有20~30個成桃,這種情況就是生理性的病害紅葉莖枯病,是土壤潛在性缺鉀、而棉田又施用鉀肥不足引發的;
第(di)二(er)種(zhong)是(shi)棉(mian)花(hua)大(da)量(liang)上(shang)桃(tao)後(hou),由(you)於(yu)施(shi)用(yong)鉀(jia)肥(fei)不(bu)足(zu),後(hou)期(qi)棉(mian)花(hua)葉(ye)片(pian)先(xian)出(chu)現(xian)淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)花(hua)斑(ban),繼(ji)而(er)葉(ye)片(pian)出(chu)現(xian)紅(hong)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian),最(zui)後(hou)葉(ye)片(pian)焦(jiao)枯(ku),就(jiu)也(ye)是(shi)缺(que)鉀(jia)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)生(sheng)理(li)性(xing)凋(diao)枯(ku)病(bing),這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)幾(ji)乎(hu)各(ge)地(di)不(bu)同(tong)農(nong)戶(hu)每(mei)年(nian)都(dou)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng);
disanzhongshimianhuashiyongtaofeishi,youdenonghukanjiantianqiyaoxiayule,qiangzaiyuqiansashiledaliangniaosu,youyuniaosuyongliangda,jizhongrongjie,zengjialeturangrongyenongdu,shizhichanshenglefanshentouxianxiang,shanghailemianhuagenxi,shimianyejitianzhineilijichengxianzhuoshangzhujiankusi;
第四種是九月中旬前後,若遇持續的陰雨天氣,氣溫保持在25℃zuoyou,zaiyibufenchangfakuweibingdelaomiantian,changyiyoufakuweibing,ganbingzhongdemianzhu,yehuikusi,erzengshileyoujifeihejiafeide,bufakuweibinghuofabinghenqingwei。
以yi上shang發fa生sheng的de棉mian花hua後hou期qi死si苗miao的de問wen題ti,前qian三san種zhong死si苗miao是shi生sheng理li失shi調tiao造zao成cheng的de,第di四si種zhong是shi病bing菌jun入ru侵qin產chan生sheng的de,在zai不bu同tong的de產chan棉mian區qu每mei年nian都dou有you不bu同tong程cheng度du的de發fa生sheng,可ke見jian都dou與yu施shi肥fei不bu當dang緊jin密mi相xiang關guan。
針對棉花後期發生的死苗問題,應抓好抗病對應措施:
一、凡種植抗蟲棉花的,特別是雜交抗蟲棉的,每畝應施用高含量的鉀肥60斤,分底肥和追肥施用,確保每畝棉田有氧化鉀36斤。
二、棉花桃肥應在雨前穴施,或雨後施用,千萬不可在大雨來臨前撒施。
三、在zai枯ku萎wei病bing的de老lao棉mian田tian中zhong,要yao在zai底di肥fei中zhong,多duo施shi用yong農nong家jia積ji造zao的de腐fu熟shu有you機ji肥fei料liao或huo生sheng物wu有you機ji複fu合he肥fei,或huo高gao能neng有you機ji複fu合he肥fei,同tong時shi配pei施shi鉀jia肥fei,可ke有you效xiao的de提ti高gao對dui枯ku萎wei病bing的de防fang禦yu能neng力li,增zeng強qiang棉mian花hua感gan病bing後hou的de恢hui複fu功gong能neng。隻zhi要yao認ren真zhen落luo實shi這zhe些xie對dui應ying措cuo施shi,可ke大da大da挖wa掘jue棉mian花hua的de抗kang病bing增zeng產chan潛qian力li。
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