缺素發黃 缺que氮dan發fa黃huang。先xian從cong老lao葉ye片pian的de尖jian端duan開kai始shi發fa黃huang,後hou逐zhu漸jian由you莖jing葉ye延yan及ji心xin葉ye,最zui後hou發fa展zhan至zhi全quan株zhu成cheng黃huang綠lv色se。秧yang苗miao生sheng長chang緩huan慢man,遠yuan看kan秧yang苗miao綠lv中zhong帶dai黃huang。嚴yan重zhong時shi由you葉ye尖jian、葉緣向內枯焦。應及時追施速效性氮肥如碳銨及尿素等。缺鉀發黃。主要發生在大量施氮、磷lin的de高gao產chan稻dao田tian。病bing苗miao初chu期qi表biao現xian為wei生sheng長chang緩huan慢man,株zhu型xing矮ai小xiao,分fen蘖nie少shao,葉ye片pian挺ting直zhi,頂ding端duan葉ye片pian叢cong生sheng狀zhuang。新xin葉ye暗an綠lv無wu光guang澤ze,下xia部bu老lao葉ye尖jian端duan首shou先xian發fa黃huang,有you大da小xiao不bu等deng的de赤chi褐he色se斑ban點dian,後hou沿yan葉ye脈mai向xiang基ji部bu擴kuo展zhan,最zui後hou整zheng體ti葉ye片pian變bian成cheng赤chi褐he色se枯ku死si,遠yuan看kan像xiang被bei火huo燒shao焦jiao一yi樣yang,這zhe種zhong典dian型xing的de缺que鉀jia赤chi枯ku症zheng,要yao立li即ji排pai水shui,采cai用yong間jian隙xi灌guan溉gai及ji時shi追zhui施shi鉀jia肥fei,如ru氯lv化hua鉀jia、草木灰等。缺鋅發黃。主要發生在山區的冷浸田,一般在插秧後20天tian左zuo右you出chu現xian發fa病bing高gao峰feng。葉ye基ji部bu中zhong脈mai先xian黃huang化hua,後hou麵mian黃huang紅hong色se或huo紅hong褐he色se斑ban,葉ye片pian變bian窄zhai,葉ye脈mai發fa脆cui易yi斷duan,葉ye片pian老lao化hua較jiao快kuai,新xin葉ye出chu葉ye速su度du慢man而er細xi窄zhai基ji部bu和he。中zhong脈mai失shi綠lv褐he色se,可ke用yong硫liu酸suan鋅xin等deng肥fei料liao進jin行xing補bu救jiu,如ru用yong0.1%的硫酸鋅進行多次葉麵噴施。
中毒發黃 硫化氫中毒。根係發黑,並有臭雞蛋氣味冒出,白根少而細羽;基部老葉呈黃褐色,葉尖枯焦,隨後老葉枯死,上部僅剩1—2片pian綠lv色se新xin葉ye。有you機ji酸suan中zhong毒du。稻dao株zhu根gen係xi萎wei縮suo,很hen少shao發fa生sheng新xin根gen,植zhi株zhu根gen係xi表biao皮pi發fa生sheng脫tuo落luo。葉ye色se顯xian黃huang,或huo產chan生sheng萎wei縮suo現xian象xiang。嚴yan重zhong時shi下xia部bu葉ye片pian枯ku黃huang而er死si。救jiu治zhi的de辦ban法fa是shi凡fan發fa生sheng中zhong毒du性xing發fa黃huang的de稻dao田tian立li即ji排pai水shui曬shai田tian,改gai善shan土tu壤rang的de通tong透tou性xing,增zeng氧yang排pai毒du。並bing結jie合he中zhong耕geng,在zai曬shai田tian複fu水shui時shi施shi用yong氮dan、磷鉀速效肥料,改善稻株的營養條件。在有機酸過多的田塊,施用土壤改良劑,如生石灰等以中和酸性,消除有害物質。
肥害或藥害發黃。碳銨、氨水、農nong藥yao等deng如ru果guo施shi用yong不bu當dang,會hui引yin起qi中zhong毒du發fa黃huang,導dao致zhi成cheng塊kuai成cheng片pian稻dao葉ye熏xun成cheng鮮xian黃huang或huo金jin黃huang色se,有you時shi黃huang葉ye上shang有you焦jiao灼zhuo斑ban。藥yao害hai嚴yan重zhong時shi,葉ye片pian出chu現xian斑ban點dian,失shi綠lv、焦灼或者枯萎、黃化,甚至全株枯死。若及時發現可用灌滿田水、噴灑清水等辦法減輕藥害程度。此外,肥害或藥害發生後要追施尿素等速效肥料,以增強作物長勢,增強抵抗能力。
病害感染發黃 baiyekubinghuangye。zaiyepiandeyejianhuoyeyuanshang,xianshichanshenghuanglvsehuoanlvsebandian,houyanzheyemaikuozhanchengbantiao,chenghuibaise,bingbuyujianbufenjiemingxian,bingbanshangchangyouhuangjiaosede“菌膿”。細菌性條斑病黃葉。心葉黃褐色枯死似假枯心苗、葉片、葉鞘上有褐色條斑,病斑上折斷中脈後可見黃色“菌膿”,後hou期qi感gan病bing時shi,葉ye片pian頂ding部bu至zhi半ban片pian葉ye以yi上shang枯ku白bai,遠yuan望wang一yi片pian火huo紅hong。水shui稻dao細xi菌jun性xing基ji腐fu病bing黃huang葉ye。心xin葉ye凋diao萎wei卷juan縮suo,有you的de已yi經jing變bian黃huang枯ku死si,似si三san化hua螟ming危wei害hai所suo造zao成cheng的de枯ku心xin苗miao,但dan莖jing基ji部bu常chang發fa黑hei,莖jing節jie變bian硬ying變bian脆cui,易yi折zhe斷duan且qie有you一yi種zhong腐fu臭chou味wei。生sheng理li早zao衰shuai黃huang葉ye。由you下xia向xiang上shang蔓man延yan,病bing葉ye多duo表biao現xian為wei橙cheng黃huang色se,有you一yi定ding金jin屬shu光guang澤ze,成cheng片pian或huo全quan田tian發fa生sheng。黃huang葉ye上shang沒mei有you病bing斑ban,沒mei有you菌jun膿nong物wu。
shenglizaoshuaihuangyeshiyouyushuidaoshengchanghouqigenxihuolishuaitui,huoyupinzhongyouguandeyizhongshenglixingdehuangyexianxiang。qifangzhibanfashixuanyongkangzaoshuaideshuidaopinzhong,houqifangzhidaotianduanshuiguozao,baochishirunguangaidengbanfa。erbaiyekubing、細菌性條斑病、細菌性基腐病造成的黃葉,均為細菌性病害侵染引起,如選用多菌靈、葉青雙等藥物,適時曬田,病情得到控製後追施二次肥料,有利於控製蔓延。
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