整個生育期一般不進行中耕除草,因此耕前施足基肥,均勻翻耕與土壤充分混合,並多次翻耙,使土壤細碎疏鬆;視土壤墒情決定是否灌溉。畦應做成中間高、兩邊呈緩坡狀的“圓頭高畦”,這種畦麵易使地膜拉緊,與地表緊密接觸。畦高15厘米至20厘米,畦寬八九十厘米,畦溝寬四五十厘米,要求土麵平整、tulixisui。fugaidimodezhiliangshizaipeichengbaideguanjian。zuoqiwanchenghoulijigaimo,yifangshuifenzhengfasanshi。fumokesanrenyizu,yirenzaiqianpumo,liangrenzailiangbianlazhipeituyagaiguding,fumoyaodadao“緊、平、嚴”的標準。
二、定植
選用滿天星適齡營養袋苗,覆膜後3至5天定植。每畦栽兩行,株距四五十厘米。如果選用早熟品種,可適當加大定植密度,株距改為25厘米至30厘米。定植時植株間錯位排列,用刀將膜劃成“十”字形定植孔,孔要盡量小。定植後沿定植孔澆足定根水,然後用土封住定植孔。
三、施肥與灌水
fugaidimoqianshizuyoujifeiyufuhefei,nenggouquebaomantianxinggeshengyuqideyangfenxuqiu,yincishengchangqianqiyibanbujinxingzhuifei。shengchangzhonghouqikejinxingyemianzhuifei,huoshiyongzhuifeiqiangyandingzhikongshaoliangzhuishiwujifeiliao。zaizhenggeshengyuqi,guanshuiliangyingshidangjianshao。qianqiyaoshidangkongshui,fangzhituchangyinqizaoshuai,zhongqigenjushangqingkeshidangguangai。guangaishi,kezaijiaoshuiguanqiantaoyifenglijinshuguan,youdingzhikongxiecharumoneiguanshui;yekecaiyonggouguan,danqiejidashuimanguan,gouguanhouyingjishipaichujishui。ruguocaiyongdiguanxitong,meiqishiyonglianggendiguan,fumoshijiangdiguangaizaimoxia,dingzhishiyandiguanxianzaimiao。zheyang,jiaoshuiheshifeijiuketongguodiguanjinxing。
四、高位摘心與整枝
shiyongdimofugaidemantianxingzhiyamengfajiaoduo,rubujishizhengzhiyumoya,zhizhushengchangguomibuliyutongfengtouguang,daozhiwuxiaomanghuazhizengduo,yanzhongyingxiangqiehuazhilianghechanliang。caiyonggaoweizhaixinjishunengyouxiaofangzhimantianxinglianzuodechansheng,jizaishengchangguochengzhongbucaiquchangguidezhaixinfangfa,daizhizhuchoutaiyue30厘米再從頂點以下5厘米至10厘(li)米(mi)處(chu)去(qu)除(chu)生(sheng)長(chang)點(dian),促(cu)進(jin)下(xia)部(bu)側(ce)枝(zhi)整(zheng)齊(qi)萌(meng)發(fa)生(sheng)長(chang),同(tong)時(shi)疏(shu)去(qu)基(ji)部(bu)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)蓮(lian)座(zuo)狀(zhuang)側(ce)枝(zhi),集(ji)中(zhong)養(yang)分(fen)供(gong)上(shang)部(bu)側(ce)芽(ya)生(sheng)長(chang)。高(gao)位(wei)摘(zhai)心(xin)法(fa)可(ke)使(shi)滿(man)天(tian)星(xing)開(kai)花(hua)整(zheng)齊(qi)度(du)高(gao),且(qie)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)。
五、設立支架,防止倒伏
切花開始采收後,餘下的花枝易倒伏,造成中後期切花產量和品質下降,因而需要設立支架來支撐植株。25厘米×25厘米的網眼尺寸較合適,張網時每隔3米至5米設一個支架,網兩邊用較粗的尼龍繩或鐵絲穿過並拉緊固定在畦的兩端,使網充分繃緊。網的高度離畦麵25厘米至30厘米為宜,太高不方便切花,太低則固定作用不好。
六、病蟲害防治
常見的滿天星病害主要是灰黴病和莖腐病。灰黴病發生初期可用50%撲海因或70%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑800至1000倍液,或百菌清1000至1500倍(bei)液(ye),任(ren)選(xuan)用(yong)一(yi)種(zhong),一(yi)周(zhou)噴(pen)一(yi)次(ci),連(lian)噴(pen)三(san)四(si)次(ci)即(ji)可(ke)。覆(fu)蓋(gai)地(di)膜(mo)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)土(tu)壤(rang)濺(jian)到(dao)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu),大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)莖(jing)腐(fu)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)病(bing)率(lv)。植(zhi)株(zhu)一(yi)旦(dan)染(ran)病(bing),需(xu)及(ji)時(shi)拔(ba)除(chu),並(bing)用(yong)75%的敵克鬆可濕性粉劑500倍液澆灌拔除後的定植孔處土壤和鄰近植株根際土壤。
近幾年危害滿天星最嚴重的害蟲是潛葉繩,受潛葉繩危害的葉片、yeroubeiyouchongqushi,xingchengwanwanququdeqiandao,jinshengxiabaisedebiaopi,yanzhongzhezhengzhuyepiankuhuang,shengchangyanzhongshouzu。duiqianyeyingjiaohaodefangzhifangfayougelichongyuan、黃粘紙卡誘殺和藥劑防治。目前防治效果最好的農藥有1.8%愛福丁乳油(3000倍液)、90%巴丹可濕性粉劑(1000倍液)、75%滅蠅胺可濕性粉劑(5000倍液),以上農藥交替使用,每7天噴一次,連續噴藥3次後視蟲情再進行重點防治。噴藥時間在上午10時以前、下午16時以後,對幼蟲及成蟲的滅殺作用最強。
七、采收與保鮮
春季75%左右的花開放、夏秋季50%zuoyoudehuakaifangshikeyicaishoumantianxing,ruotuichicaishouzexiankaidehuayibianse。mantianxingyinhuazhixishuixingjiaocha,gucaishoushizuihaotizheshuitongdaotianjian,huazhiqiexiahoulijicharutongzhong,rangqichongfenxishui,yifangshishuiganku。tianjianjianxiademantianxingjishibaozhuangchuli,jinkuaijinrushichanghuofangjinlengku。
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