yumicusuobingshiyouyumicusuobingduyinqideyizhongyumibingdubing,gaibingshiwoguobeifangyumishengchanquliuxingdezhongyaobinghai,bingduyouhuifeishichuanbo。huifeishishiyizhongzhongyaochuandukunchong,yousuiqiliuqianyihesuiyushuijiangluodexixing,ketongguoxishiyumizhizhuzhiyejiangyumicusuobingbingduchuanbogeijiankangyumizhizhu。jinjinianyumicusuobingfashengjiaozhong,zaochengyumibutongchengdudejianchan。miaoqishiyumicusuobingfashengdeminganqi,muqianbeifangyumiluxubozhong,yinciyaozaimiaoqijizaoyufangcusuobingfasheng。
發生特點
玉米整個生育期都可感染發病,以苗期受害最重,病株明顯矮化,高度不到健株的1/2,葉ye色se深shen綠lv,寬kuan短duan質zhi硬ying,呈cheng對dui生sheng狀zhuang,葉ye背bei麵mian側ce脈mai上shang現xian蠟la白bai色se突tu起qi物wu,粗cu糙cao明ming顯xian。病bing株zhu分fen蘖nie多duo,根gen係xi不bu發fa達da,易yi拔ba出chu。多duo數shu不bu能neng抽chou穗sui結jie實shi,個ge別bie雄xiong穗sui雖sui能neng抽chou出chu,但dan分fen枝zhi極ji少shao,沒mei有you花hua粉fen。
傳播途徑和發病條件
主要靠灰飛虱傳毒。灰飛虱成蟲和若蟲在田埂、地邊的雜草叢中越冬,翌春遷入玉米田。此外冬小麥也是玉米粗縮病毒的越冬場所之一。玉米5葉前易感病,10葉期抗病性增強。該病發生與帶毒灰飛虱的數量及栽培條件相關,玉米出苗至5葉期如遇傳毒昆蟲遷飛高峰期則易發病。套種田、早播田及雜草多的玉米田發病較重。玉米粗縮病的潛育期為10~20天。
綜合防治措施
在玉米粗縮病的防治上,要堅持以農業防治為主、化學防治為輔的綜合防治方針,其核心是控製毒源、減少蟲源、避開危害。
加強監測和預報 在病害常發地區要有重點地定點、定期調查小麥、田間雜草、yumicusuobingdebingzhulvheyanzhongchengdu,tongshitiaozhahuifeishifashengmiduhedaidulv。duiyumicusuobingfashengqushizuochujishizhunquedeyuceyubao,zhidaodatianfangzhi。
選用抗病品種 jinguanmuqianyumishengchanzhongyingyongdezhuzaipinzhongyouyidingdekangbingxing,danqueshaokangbingxingqiangdeyouliangpinzhong,qiepinzhongjianganbingchengdurengcunzaiyidingchayi。yinci,yaogenjubenditiaojian,xuanyongkangbingxingxiangduijiaohaodepinzhong,tongshiyaozhuyihelibuju,bimiandanyikangyuanpinzhongdedamianjizhongzhi。
調整播期 根據玉米粗縮病的發生規律,在病害重發地區,應調整播期,使玉米對病害最為敏感的生育時期避開灰飛虱成蟲盛發期,降低發病率。
清除雜草 地邊、田間雜草是玉米粗縮病傳毒介體灰飛虱的越冬越夏寄主。在玉米播種前或出苗前用化學除草劑大麵積清除田間、地邊雜草,減少毒源。
加強田間管理 合理施肥、jiaoshui,jiaqiangtianjianguanli,cujinyumishengchang,suoduanmiaoqishijian,zengqiangyumikangnaibingnengli,jianshaochuandujihui。jiehedingmiao,bachutianjianbingzhu,jizhongshenmaihuoshaohui,jianshaocusuobingjinranyuan。
藥劑防治 提(ti)倡(chang)播(bo)種(zhong)藥(yao)劑(ji)包(bao)衣(yi)種(zhong)子(zi),以(yi)防(fang)治(zhi)地(di)下(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)及(ji)玉(yu)米(mi)苗(miao)期(qi)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)。在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),對(dui)玉(yu)米(mi)粗(cu)縮(suo)病(bing)重(zhong)點(dian)發(fa)生(sheng)地(di)塊(kuai),在(zai)灰(hui)飛(fei)虱(shi)傳(chuan)毒(du)危(wei)害(hai)期(qi),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)玉(yu)米(mi)7葉期前,每畝用10%吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑20克或4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油30~45毫升,對水30公斤噴霧,隔6~7天1次,連噴2~3次,可防治灰飛虱、薊馬,同時兼治蚜蟲,能有效防止玉米粗縮病的發生和蔓延。
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