有機肥料和化學肥料相結合。為了提高土壤的有效養分,並使其形成上鬆下實、氣qi水shui協xie調tiao的de耕geng層ceng結jie構gou,在zai施shi肥fei種zhong類lei上shang要yao堅jian持chi有you機ji肥fei與yu化hua學xue肥fei料liao相xiang結jie合he。有you機ji肥fei不bu僅jin含han有you較jiao豐feng富fu又you較jiao完wan整zheng的de營ying養yang元yuan素su,而er且qie還hai含han有you可ke以yi改gai良liang土tu壤rang結jie構gou的de有you機ji質zhi。化hua學xue肥fei料liao含han營ying養yang元yuan素su單dan一yi,氮dan速su效xiao養yang分fen含han量liang高gao,兩liang者zhe配pei合he施shi用yong可ke以yi相xiang互hu促cu進jin,提ti高gao肥fei效xiao,改gai良liang土tu壤rang結jie構gou,不bu斷duan培pei肥fei地di力li,熟shu化hua耕geng層ceng。
基(ji)肥(fei)與(yu)追(zhui)肥(fei)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)。花(hua)生(sheng)開(kai)花(hua)下(xia)針(zhen)期(qi)以(yi)前(qian)是(shi)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)肥(fei)力(li)最(zui)強(qiang)和(he)吸(xi)肥(fei)量(liang)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)時(shi)期(qi),故(gu)高(gao)產(chan)花(hua)生(sheng)所(suo)需(xu)肥(fei)料(liao),要(yao)全(quan)部(bu)或(huo)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)結(jie)合(he)冬(dong)耕(geng)和(he)早(zao)春(chun)耕(geng)地(di)做(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)和(he)種(zhong)肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong)。如(ru)果(guo)基(ji)肥(fei)不(bu)足(zu)又(you)未(wei)施(shi)種(zhong)肥(fei),可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)追(zhui)肥(fei)。但(dan)追(zhui)肥(fei)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)早(zao),一(yi)般(ban)於(yu)開(kai)花(hua)下(xia)針(zhen)期(qi)以(yi)前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)。生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)中(zhong)後(hou)期(qi)為(wei)了(le)促(cu)進(jin)莢(jia)果(guo)的(de)飽(bao)滿(man)度(du),可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)根(gen)外(wai)追(zhui)肥(fei)。
前茬為主與當茬補充相結合。花生稱“甜茬”作zuo物wu,為wei直zhi根gen係xi,入ru土tu較jiao深shen,可ke吸xi收shou深shen層ceng的de養yang分fen,它ta還hai能neng將jiang固gu定ding的de氮dan素su遺yi留liu一yi部bu分fen到dao土tu壤rang中zhong,供gong下xia茬cha作zuo物wu利li用yong。花hua生sheng的de殘can根gen落luo葉ye及ji莖jing葉ye回hui田tian,能neng顯xian著zhu提ti高gao土tu壤rang肥fei力li。不bu過guo,高gao產chan花hua生sheng所suo需xu要yao的de營ying養yang元yuan素su,大da多duo還hai是shi來lai自zi土tu壤rang中zhong。因yin此ci,在zai中zhong等deng以yi上shang地di力li條tiao件jian下xia,前qian茬cha施shi肥fei比bi花hua生sheng當dang茬cha施shi肥fei效xiao果guo更geng好hao。有you關guan試shi驗yan表biao明ming:在前茬種甘薯,後茬種花生,兩年兩茬作物的總施肥量相同時,甘薯以當茬施全肥的產量最高,比不施肥的增產20%以上。花生前茬甘薯施全肥比當茬施全肥的增產12%zuoyou。zaiqianchashifeidejichushang,dangchazhonghuashengyingshidangzengshifeiliao,jinguanhuashengduisuoshifeiliaoyangfendexishouliyonglvjiaodi,danzaizhongdengfeilishuipingxiazengchanxiaoguoxianzhu,yinweitanengbuchangchanchuxiaohaodeturangyangfen。zongeryanzhi,huashenggaochanshifei,yaojianchiyiqianchaweizhu,dangchabuchongweifu,“用養結合”的原則。
花生當茬施肥方法。根據高產花生對氮、磷、鉀主要營養元素吸收量和肥料的吸收利用率,一般條件下可采用“氮減半、磷加倍和鉀全量”施肥法,即每畝施氮13.5公斤、磷11公斤、鉀16公斤,折合每畝施優質圈肥5000公斤、尿素13公斤或碳銨35公斤、過磷酸鈣72公斤、硫酸鉀22公斤或氯化鉀18公斤或草木灰150公斤。而在中等或偏低土壤肥力條件下,要實現高產,則可采用“氮、鉀全量施,磷肥加倍施”施肥法,即每畝施氮27公斤、磷11公斤、鉀16公斤,折合每畝施優質圈肥5000公斤、尿素42.5公斤或碳酸氫銨115公斤、過磷酸鈣72公斤、硫酸鉀22公斤或氧化鉀或草木灰150公斤。
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