花hua生sheng果guo腐fu病bing主zhu要yao表biao現xian在zai花hua生sheng果guo腐fu爛lan
，輕qing的de半ban個ge莢jia果guo為wei褐he色se或huo黑hei色se，裏li麵mian的de果guo仁ren小xiao而er硬ying實shi
，發fa育yu不bu良liang
，果guo皮pi發fa黃huang，嚴yan重zhong的de整zheng個ge莢jia果guo都dou為wei深shen黑hei色se，果guo皮pi和he果guo仁ren均jun已yi腐fu爛lan
，一yi般ban整zheng株zhu或huo點dian片pian發fa生sheng。在zai花hua生sheng進jin入ru7yuefendejiejiaqiyizhidaocaishouqi，junyoufabingdekeneng。zaochenghuashengguofubingdeyuanyinyouduozhong
，youyiliandaojunzhenjuntuchuanbingjunweizhu，zaishiyouyuturangqueshaogaiyinqi，zaiciyouqicaodengdixiahaichongkenyaohuoranbingyinqi。

二
、防治方法

1.輪lun作zuo倒dao茬cha。據ju調tiao查zha我wo省sheng花hua生sheng主zhu產chan區qu種zhong植zhi的de春chun花hua生sheng多duo為wei沿yan河he兩liang岸an的de沙sha灘tan地di，這zhe種zhong地di塊kuai最zui適shi宜yi種zhong植zhi花hua生sheng，所suo以yi

，花hua生sheng重zhong茬cha種zhong植zhi現xian象xiang極ji為wei嚴yan重zhong。由you於yu連lian年nian重zhong茬cha，土tu壤rang中zhong積ji累lei的de有you害hai病bing菌jun逐zhu年nian積ji累lei增zeng多duo，同tong時shi花hua生sheng根gen係xi還hai會hui分fen泌mi一yi些xie有you毒du物wu質zhi，再zai加jia上shang農nong民min對dui化hua肥fei的de依yi賴lai性xing越yue來lai越yue強qiang
，造zao成cheng了le土tu壤rang的de鹽yan漬zi化hua程cheng度du較jiao高gao，花hua生sheng生sheng長chang的de土tu壤rang環huan境jing明ming顯xian變bian壞huai，這zhe樣yang花hua生sheng秧yang苗miao質zhi量liang不bu高gao，極ji容rong易yi誘you發fa果guo腐fu病bing。為wei減jian少shao該gai病bing的de發fa生sheng，應ying當dang做zuo到dao科ke學xue輪lun作zuo倒dao茬cha，間jian隔ge兩liang到dao三san年nian後hou再zai種zhong植zhi。

2.異yi地di換huan種zhong。花hua生sheng本ben身shen是shi一yi種zhong生sheng產chan常chang規gui用yong種zhong，一yi些xie農nong民min沒mei有you優you種zhong意yi識shi和he換huan種zhong概gai念nian

，抱bao著zhe一yi個ge老lao品pin種zhong種zhong植zhi三san年nian五wu年nian甚shen至zhi八ba年nian十shi年nian

，在zai生sheng產chan過guo程cheng中zhong不bu注zhu意yi對dui品pin種zhong選xuan純chun複fu壯zhuang
，導dao致zhi該gai品pin種zhong出chu現xian了le嚴yan重zhong的de種zhong性xing退tui化hua，品pin質zhi變bian差cha，產chan量liang下xia降jiang，感gan病bing性xing增zeng強qiang
，尤you其qi對dui於yu土tu傳chuan病bing害hai的de果guo腐fu病bing會hui更geng加jia敏min感gan。為wei此ci，采cai用yong異yi地di換huan種zhong的de方fang法fa，既ji能neng夠gou降jiang低di病bing害hai的de發fa生sheng，還hai能neng最zui大da程cheng度du提ti高gao花hua生sheng產chan量liang。如ru河he北bei的de種zhong植zhi戶hu應ying選xuan購gou山shan東dong、河南等地繁育的花生種子。據生產試驗調查，異地換種花生能增產15%～30%。

3.平衡施肥。花生是一種需要肥料較多的經濟作物，尤其對磷肥和鉀肥的需求量較大

，此外增施鈣
、硫、鋅、錳、鉬、硼等中微量肥料能夠明顯提高花生產量和品質
，降低病害發生率。對於土壤肥力較差的沙灘地一定要增施圈肥
、廄肥、雞糞等畜禽糞便，化肥本著經濟實惠的原則可選用尿素+磷肥+鉀肥的配伍組合。在花生進入結莢期後追施兩次氮、鉀jia肥fei，或huo複fu合he肥fei
，後hou期qi葉ye麵mian施shi肥fei能neng夠gou明ming顯xian減jian輕qing病bing害hai發fa生sheng
，提ti高gao花hua生sheng產chan量liang。此ci外wai，在zai底di肥fei中zhong摻chan入ru適shi量liang的de生sheng物wu菌jun肥fei

，可ke以yi大da大da增zeng加jia土tu壤rang有you益yi菌jun的de含han量liang，減jian低di有you害hai菌jun的de含han量liang，對dui預yu防fang果guo腐fu病bing發fa生sheng也ye有you明ming顯xian效xiao果guo。

4.yaojibanzhong。shiyanbiaomingxuanyongshajunjiheshachongjierheyibanzhongjizaihuashengbozhongqianjinxingbanzhongchuli
，keyiyouxiaojiangdibingchonghaidefabingjilv，duiyuyufangguofubingdefashengxiaoguoxianzhu。kexuanyongshileshi
、高巧、多菌靈等。

5.及早防病治蟲。花生一旦感染了根腐病

、莖腐病等致命性病害，也會造成果腐病的發生。蠐螬
、金針蟲、地di老lao虎hu等deng地di下xia害hai蟲chong啃ken咬yao莢jia果guo，莢jia果guo上shang會hui留liu下xia傷shang口kou，傷shang口kou處chu易yi感gan染ran病bing菌jun，尤you其qi是shi土tu壤rang中zhong大da量liang存cun在zai的de鐮lian刀dao菌jun就jiu會hui輕qing易yi傳chuan播bo
，造zao成cheng果guo腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng。為wei此ci，要yao科ke學xue預yu防fang
，及ji早zao防fang治zhi病bing蟲chong害hai，防fang患huan於yu未wei然ran。