zaizhongduodeyouliaozuowuzhong,jinjinianlaihuashengdejiagechuyuwenzhongyoushengdequshi,yinci,huashengdezhongzhimianjiyeyousuokuoda。nongminduihuashengshengchandetouruyeyousuozengduo。bizhejinrizaibufenhuashengzhongzhichanqutiaozha,dangqianmiaoqimiaoquan,shengchangzhuozhuang。youyushouyijiaohao,huashengdefeiliaotouruyezhujianzengduo。danruguobawobuhao,huashengyingyangshengchangyushengzhishengchangdemaodunyehuiriyituchu,tebieshimeiniande6月下旬至7yueshangxun,zhengzhixunqi,youdehuashengzhizhurizengchanglianghenkuai,youdetianjianyinbiduhenda,youdezhizhujinlindaofu,yingyangshengchangmingxianguowang,shengzhishengchangzhihou,shibiyingxianghuashengdekaihua、坐果率。造成花生旺長的原因,一是底肥施用過量,特別是偏施了氮肥;二是密度過大,蔭蔽嚴重;三是雨水過多,光照不足;四是疏於田間管理。
huashengsuishidoukezuowu,yougenliujunkegudingyidingdedansufeiliao,buyaoyiweitanenggudanjiuhushiduiqiguanli,zheshiyizhongwuqu。weilexietiaohuashengyingyangshengchangyushengzhishengchangjunhengjinxing,yingcaiyongyanhuanxingdezhiwushengchangtiaojiejijinxingtiaokong,shiyongzhiwushengchangtiaojieji,nengyouxiaoditiaojiehuashengzhujinghecezhidouchang,suzaojincouzhuxing,gaishantongfengtouguangtiaojian,zengjiayelvsuhanliang,jianshaowuxiaohuashuliangyue30%,使其養分集中輸向莢果,促其充實飽滿。生產實踐反複證明,合理的化學調控能使花生增產10%~15%。
在花生生產上應用植物生長調節劑的品種很多,常用的有多效唑、助壯素、調節膦等,在應用技術上要掌握如下幾點。
一、施(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)。一(yi)般(ban)施(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)花(hua)生(sheng)的(de)盛(sheng)花(hua)期(qi),即(ji)果(guo)針(zhen)的(de)大(da)量(liang)入(ru)土(tu)期(qi),此(ci)時(shi)正(zheng)是(shi)花(hua)生(sheng)由(you)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)轉(zhuan)折(zhe)時(shi)期(qi),控(kong)製(zhi)旺(wang)長(chang)則(ze)可(ke)調(tiao)整(zheng)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)轉(zhuan)送(song)方(fang)向(xiang),促(cu)進(jin)花(hua)生(sheng)增(zeng)產(chan)。若(ruo)在(zai)始(shi)花(hua)期(qi)或(huo)盛(sheng)花(hua)後(hou)期(qi)施(shi)用(yong),不(bu)但(dan)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)好(hao),甚(shen)至(zhi)還(hai)會(hui)減(jian)產(chan)。
二、施用濃度。多效唑的施用濃度為每畝15%的粉劑50克兌水100斤。助壯素的施用濃度為每畝25%助壯素20~30毫升,兌水100~150斤。調節膦的濃度可參照說明書施用。
三注意事項。一是嚴格把握調節劑的用量和施用時期;二是施藥時土壤墒情要適度;三是施藥在下午4~5時後進行為好,這時蒸發量小,藥效好;四是土壤肥力較差,苗情不旺的花生不宜盲目施藥。
為了提高綜合防治效果,還可用多效唑與粉鏽寧混合施用,既可抑製花生旺長,又可起到防治病害的作用。
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