水shui稻dao細xi菌jun性xing基ji腐fu病bing病bing原yuan為wei歐ou氏shi杆gan菌jun屬shu細xi菌jun,主zhu要yao通tong過guo水shui稻dao根gen部bu和he莖jing基ji部bu的de傷shang口kou侵qin入ru。該gai病bing主zhu要yao危wei害hai水shui稻dao根gen節jie部bu和he莖jing基ji部bu,使shi之zhi變bian褐he,逐zhu漸jian發fa黑hei腐fu爛lan,病bing株zhu易yi被bei拔ba起qi,有you惡e臭chou味wei。一般在水稻分蘖期開始發生,病株莖基部的葉鞘上產生水漬狀病斑,逐漸向上擴展,形成邊緣深褐色、中(zhong)間(jian)枯(ku)白(bai)色(se)的(de)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)大(da)病(bing)斑(ban),莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)變(bian)灰(hui)黑(hei)色(se),有(you)時(shi)節(jie)間(jian)出(chu)現(xian)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)縱(zong)條(tiao)斑(ban),心(xin)葉(ye)青(qing)枯(ku)卷(juan)曲(qu),最(zui)後(hou)枯(ku)黃(huang),似(si)螟(ming)蟲(chong)危(wei)害(hai)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)枯(ku)心(xin)苗(miao)。後(hou)期(qi)病(bing)株(zhu)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)和(he)根(gen)部(bu)變(bian)黑(hei)並(bing)逐(zhu)漸(jian)腐(fu)爛(lan),地(di)上(shang)部(bu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)枯(ku)死(si)。有(you)時(shi)病(bing)株(zhu)基(ji)部(bu)莖(jing)節(jie)上(shang)長(chang)出(chu)倒(dao)生(sheng)根(gen)。該(gai)病(bing)的(de)獨(du)特(te)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)是(shi)病(bing)株(zhu)根(gen)節(jie)部(bu)變(bian)為(wei)褐(he)色(se)或(huo)深(shen)褐(he)色(se)腐(fu)爛(lan),有(you)別(bie)於(yu)細(xi)菌(jun)性(xing)褐(he)條(tiao)病(bing)心(xin)腐(fu)型(xing)、白葉枯病急性凋萎型及螟害枯心苗等。該病常與小球菌核病、惡苗病、還原性物質中毒等同時發生,或在病株枯死後,惡苗病病菌、小球菌核病病菌等腐生其上。
水稻細菌性基腐病一般有3個發病高峰,分蘖期出現第一發病高峰,以“枯心型”病株為主;孕穗期出現第二發病高峰,以“剝死型”病株為主;抽穗灌漿期出現第三發病高峰,以“青枯型”病株為主,以後出現枯孕穗、kubaisuidengzhengzhuang。pianshihuochishidanfei,daozhurounen,fabingzhong。fenniemoqibutuoshuihuokaotianguoduyifabing。dishidi,nianzhongturangtongqixingcha,fabingzhong。yizaidaoyinyizaishizhishangzhong,shangkouduo,yibanbizhibodaofabingzhong。
yekuzuozhuyaoyongyufangzhizhiwuxijunxingbinghai,neixixingqiang,juyouyufanghezhiliaozuoyong,chixiaoqichang,yaoxiaowending,duizuowuwuyaohai。fangzhishuidaoxijunxingjifubing,zaifabingchuqikeyiyongyekuzuo、農用硫酸鏈黴素、堿式硫酸銅、氫氧化銅、噻森銅、噻菌銅、琥膠肥酸銅、絡氨銅、噻唑鋅、辛菌胺醋酸鹽、中zhong生sheng菌jun素su等deng藥yao灌guan根gen或huo噴pen霧wu,有you一yi定ding的de防fang治zhi效xiao果guo。注zhu意yi銅tong製zhi劑ji應ying避bi開kai高gao溫wen時shi段duan施shi藥yao。水shui稻dao細xi菌jun性xing基ji腐fu病bing在zai發fa病bing後hou用yong藥yao防fang治zhi效xiao果guo較jiao差cha。發fa病bing前qian選xuan用yong上shang述shu藥yao,在zai水shui稻dao移yi栽zai前qian、分蘖期、抽穗前期分別防治一次,防病效果較好。此外,防治水稻細菌性基腐病還應重點采取農業措施預防,選用發病輕的品種;培育壯秧,減少移栽時的損傷;合理施肥,增施鉀肥;避免烤田過度和長期深水灌溉。
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