農機具的選用。目前生產上選用的農機具主要是2BMFS型免耕覆蓋施肥播種機,如:2BMFS-5/10型、2BMFS-6/12型。2BMFS型免耕覆蓋施肥播種機與四輪拖拉機配套使用,一次完成碎稈、滅茬、開溝、施肥、播種、鎮壓等項作業。既可在直立玉米秸稈或玉米秸稈粉碎還田地中播種小麥,也可以在高麥茬地中播種玉米。
高gao濃nong度du粒li狀zhuang複fu合he肥fei或huo複fu混hun肥fei作zuo底di肥fei。由you於yu小xiao麥mai機ji械xie化hua保bao護hu性xing耕geng作zuo是shi利li用yong秸jie稈gan及ji殘can茬cha覆fu蓋gai保bao護hu土tu壤rang,無wu需xu再zai施shi有you機ji肥fei,但dan必bi須xu用yong高gao濃nong度du粒li狀zhuang複fu合he肥fei或huo複fu混hun肥fei作zuo底di肥fei,以yi滿man足zu小xiao麥mai前qian中zhong期qi的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu需xu要yao。一yi般ban要yao求qiu氮dan磷lin鉀jia有you效xiao含han量liang在zai40%以上,並且最好是選擇突出磷肥的複合肥或複混肥,畝施量40-50千克。
增(zeng)加(jia)播(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)。小(xiao)麥(mai)機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)使(shi)耕(geng)作(zuo)層(ceng)土(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)鬆(song),易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)播(bo)種(zhong)時(shi)覆(fu)土(tu)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)不(bu)實(shi),對(dui)出(chu)苗(miao)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)求(qiu)播(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)略(lve)高(gao)於(yu)常(chang)規(gui)播(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)10%。並且為了防治病蟲害,在播種時用種衣劑拌種(用包衣種子)。
jieshuiguangai。jixiehuabaohuxinggengzuodexiaomaijuyouyidingdejieshuiqianneng,zaishengchanshangkeyijianshaoguanshuicishuyuguanshuiliang。youyugaixiangjishurongyizaochengturangjinshidubugou,dongjiyi"跑風"傷(shang)根(gen),產(chan)生(sheng)凍(dong)害(hai)死(si)苗(miao),在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)墒(shang)情(qing)不(bu)足(zu)時(shi),最(zui)好(hao)澆(jiao)凍(dong)水(shui)。小(xiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)最(zui)關(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)灌(guan)水(shui)期(qi)是(shi)拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)澆(jiao)春(chun)季(ji)第(di)一(yi)水(shui),一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)澆(jiao)水(shui)可(ke)視(shi)苗(miao)情(qing)而(er)定(ding),時(shi)間(jian)範(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)起(qi)身(shen)後(hou)期(qi)(早拔節水)至旗葉露尖(晚拔節水),苗越壯,群體越大,澆水越要後延;苗偏弱,群體偏小可適當提前。第2水的關鍵期在小麥抽穗開花前後,視苗情、天tian氣qi狀zhuang況kuang而er定ding,時shi間jian範fan圍wei為wei挑tiao旗qi後hou至zhi開kai花hua結jie束shu。一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia澆jiao兩liang次ci水shui即ji可ke,如ru遇yu後hou期qi幹gan旱han,可ke再zai補bu澆jiao一yi次ci灌guan漿jiang水shui。在zai習xi慣guan小xiao畦qi橫heng灌guan的de地di區qu,澆jiao水shui可ke改gai成cheng順shun澆jiao形xing式shi。
追zhui肥fei。據ju試shi驗yan證zheng明ming,小xiao麥mai多duo次ci追zhui肥fei,比bi以yi往wang冬dong前qian或huo春chun季ji一yi次ci性xing澆jiao水shui施shi肥fei,更geng有you利li於yu群qun體ti的de穩wen健jian發fa展zhan,保bao證zheng高gao產chan穩wen產chan和he提ti高gao品pin質zhi。具ju體ti要yao求qiu為wei,追zhui肥fei一yi定ding要yao結jie合he澆jiao水shui進jin行xing,澆jiao第di一yi水shui時shi畝mu追zhui施shi尿niao素su10-15千克,澆第2水時補追尿素5-7.5千克。如果澆第2水時(即抽穗前後)苗(miao)無(wu)缺(que)肥(fei)現(xian)象(xiang),則(ze)這(zhe)次(ci)肥(fei)可(ke)以(yi)少(shao)追(zhui)或(huo)不(bu)追(zhui),或(huo)隻(zhi)是(shi)點(dian)片(pian)找(zhao)補(bu),也(ye)可(ke)改(gai)成(cheng)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)時(shi)加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)尿(niao)素(su),實(shi)行(xing)葉(ye)麵(mian)追(zhui)肥(fei)。總(zong)之(zhi),包(bao)括(kuo)底(di)肥(fei)在(zai)內(nei)總(zong)施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)每(mei)畝(mu)15千克左右(以施用肥料品種的有效含量計算),肥沃地可適當減量。
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