玉米生長發育和產量形成雖然需水量很大
，但卻很不耐澇。澇害和濕害是造成玉米減產的主要原因。水分過多對玉米的危害主要表現為：

1.生長減慢，植株較弱

genxixishoushuifenheyangfenxuyaonengliang，turangshuifenguoduoshigenxizhouweiqueyang，zhinengjinxingwuyanghuxi
，nengliangzhuanhuanxiaolvjiangdi，bunengtigongzugoudenenglianggonggeigenxixishoushuifeidexuyao。yinci，yumishoulaoshigenxixishoudeshuifenhenshao，zaiqingtianzhongwuqianhou，yepianfashengweinian，guanghezuoyongjianruo，zhizaodeyoujiwuzhijianshao。lingyifangmian，genxixishoudeyingyangwuzhiyeyinnenglianggongyingbuzuerdadajianshao。zhejiushiyumideshengchangqueshaobiyaodewuzhijichu，biaoxianweishengchanghuanman
，zhizhuruanruo。

2.葉片發黃，莖稈變紅

yumidedansuyingyangzhuyaolaiyuanyurongjiezaishuizhongdexiaotaidanheantaidanjiyoujizhizhongdeyoujidan。dangshoulaoshi

，qianzheyibufenbeiliushi，lingyibufenhuijingfanxiaohuazuoyongerhaiyuanweiqitaidanerpaodaodaqizhongqu。lingyifangmian，youyuquefayangqi

，turangzhonghaoqixingweishengwuwufafenjieyoujiwuzhi，suoyiyoujizhizhongdedansuyejiubunengzhuanhuaweigenxikexishoudesuxiaodan。youyuzheliangfangmiandeyuanyin，shoulaodikuaiturangzhongsuxiaodanhanlianghendi，yumiyouyuxishoubudaozugoudedansu，yepianbianhuang。weilezengqiangduizhezhongbulihuanjingdedikangnengli，jingganzhongdeyelvsuzhuanbianchenghuaqingsu，chengxianzihongse。

3.根係發黑、腐爛

在zai受shou澇lao土tu壤rang中zhong，由you於yu缺que乏fa氧yang氣qi
，嫌xian氣qi性xing微wei生sheng物wu活huo動dong加jia強qiang，有you機ji質zhi發fa酵jiao分fen解jie，大da量liang積ji累lei二er氧yang化hua碳tan
，會hui使shi根gen係xi細xi胞bao受shou害hai。同tong時shi土tu壤rang氧yang化hua還hai原yuan電dian勢shi下xia降jiang，有you害hai的de還hai原yuan物wu質zhi硫liu化hua氫qing
、氧化亞鐵等大量出現，都會使根係受害。受害比較輕的表現為部分根係變黑，重的全部變黑、黴爛
，以至整個植株死亡。

澇害常與寡照同時發生，低溫
、寡照與澇害相結合
，對玉米危害比較重
，並且常常誘發病害蔓延
，使玉米減產。

農田積水，但天氣晴朗，太陽輻射強烈，溫度劇烈上升時，蒸騰加強
，葉片很快發生萎蔫；土壤中嫌氣性微生物活動加劇
，根係受害加重，所以高溫強光的澇害對玉米的危害比較嚴重。

不bu同tong品pin種zhong和he不bu同tong生sheng育yu階jie段duan抗kang澇lao能neng力li不bu同tong。苗miao期qi抗kang澇lao能neng力li弱ruo
，廣guang東dong春chun種zhong玉yu米mi是shi春chun季ji播bo種zhong，苗miao期qi正zheng值zhi陰yin雨yu連lian綿mian季ji節jie和he夏xia種zhong玉yu米mi苗miao期qi常chang遭zao遇yu持chi續xu大da雨yu至zhi暴bao雨yu
，故gu常chang常chang發fa生sheng澇lao害hai和he濕shi害hai。據ju研yan究jiu，七qi葉ye前qian土tu壤rang含han水shui量liang達da到dao田tian間jian持chi水shui量liang的de90%(相當於壤質土的土壤濕度23%)時shi，玉yu米mi開kai始shi受shou害hai。土tu壤rang水shui分fen處chu於yu飽bao和he狀zhuang態tai時shi
，玉yu米mi根gen係xi受shou到dao嚴yan重zhong損sun傷shang，生sheng長chang停ting止zhi。土tu壤rang積ji水shui，根gen係xi腐fu爛lan
，地di上shang部bu變bian紅hong

，下xia部bu葉ye片pian枯ku死si
，時shi間jian過guo長chang則ze全quan株zhu死si亡wang。拔ba節jie後hou抗kang澇lao能neng力li逐zhu漸jian增zeng強qiang。抽chou雄xiong前qian後hou抗kang澇lao能neng力li進jin一yi步bu增zeng強qiang，這zhe時shi近jin地di麵mian的de莖jing節jie上shang長chang出chu幾ji層ceng氣qi生sheng根gen，有you很hen好hao的de抗kang澇lao作zuo用yong。據ju有you關guan部bu門men試shi驗yan，抽chou雄xiong前qian淹yan水shui三san天tian，氣qi生sheng根gen很hen快kuai噴pen出chu


，平ping均jun每mei株zhu氣qi生sheng根gen增zeng加jia27.5m
，植株基本無受澇症狀。成熟期根係衰老，抗澇能力降低。