在池塘、水庫中采用魚鵝立體化養殖,是一種家禽飼養與漁業綜合經營的立體化生態養殖模式。目前,這種模式在我國東部、中原及南方地區發展很快,並已收到了顯著的經濟效益和社會效益。據比較,同等條件下魚鵝綜合養殖魚、鵝單養提高經濟收益30%左右。
一、魚鵝立體化養殖的生物學依據
1.鵝是魚池全自動節能高效增氧機 yuehunyangshi,yangzhirenyuanwuxudanxintianqibianhuaerzaochengdeshuitiqueyang,yinweiyibanfanyuxunyangdeeduidiqiyayouzheshenglishangdetiaojianfanshe,yidanzaoyuqihoubianhua,tamenhuizhengxiankonghoudiyuerushuizhong,xizaozhuizhu、遊(you)弋(yi)戲(xi)耍(shua),造(zao)成(cheng)水(shui)花(hua)翻(fan)騰(teng),對(dui)魚(yu)池(chi)增(zeng)氧(yang)效(xiao)果(guo)特(te)別(bie)好(hao)。利(li)用(yong)鵝(e)群(qun)戲(xi)水(shui)增(zeng)氧(yang)不(bu)必(bi)擔(dan)心(xin)因(yin)停(ting)電(dian)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)增(zeng)氧(yang)中(zhong)斷(duan),也(ye)不(bu)必(bi)擔(dan)心(xin)漏(lou)電(dian)造(zao)成(cheng)意(yi)外(wai)事(shi)故(gu)等(deng)重(zhong)大(da)損(sun)失(shi),鵝(e)完(wan)全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)稱(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)自(zi)動(dong)節(jie)能(neng)高(gao)效(xiao)增(zeng)氧(yang)機(ji)。飼(si)養(yang)鵝(e)用(yong)來(lai)增(zeng)氧(yang),雖(sui)然(ran)一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)投(tou)資(zi)高(gao)於(yu)購(gou)買(mai)增(zeng)氧(yang)機(ji),但(dan)是(shi)增(zeng)氧(yang)機(ji)使(shi)用(yong)幾(ji)年(nian)後(hou)隻(zhi)能(neng)報(bao)廢(fei),而(er)養(yang)鵝(e)不(bu)僅(jin)取(qu)代(dai)了(le)機(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)氧(yang)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)節(jie)省(sheng)用(yong)電(dian)開(kai)支(zhi),而(er)且(qie)當(dang)年(nian)能(neng)給(gei)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)高(gao)於(yu)購(gou)買(mai)鵝(e)苗(miao)時(shi)投(tou)資(zi)額(e)的(de)3~5倍的利益回報。
2.鵝為養殖魚類提供優質餌料魚鵝立體養殖,有效利用了水體空間,池塘中水藻、shuicaodengshuizhongshengwukegongeshi,lingwai,eweishicaoxingqinlei,efenneiyingyangwuzhicanliuduo,shizashixingyuleideerliao,yeshichitangfuyoushengwudeyouzhifeiliao。rujiangefensanruchitang,jingweisheng,wufenjiegongyujinshi,bujinkejieshengsiliao,erqieyejiangdileyangzhichengben。kejian,meizhiedoushiyibufeiliaodaoyuliaodezhuanhuanqi。yuyiejiehe,1隻鵝年產糞120~150kg,可轉化成魚5kg,每1/15公頃擴水麵可配養50~60隻鵝。
3.魚池為養鵝提供清、潔jie環huan境jing鵝e是shi水shui禽qin,喜xi水shui是shi鵝e的de天tian性xing,成cheng年nian種zhong鵝e在zai水shui中zhong配pei種zhong的de成cheng功gong率lv也ye要yao明ming顯xian高gao於yu在zai地di麵mian配pei種zhong的de效xiao果guo。水shui麵mian放fang養yang鵝e在zai夏xia季ji可ke降jiang低di其qi體ti溫wen,使shi其qi保bao持chi良liang好hao的de精jing神shen和he食shi欲yu,這zhe樣yang一yi方fang麵mian可ke減jian少shao鵝e的de病bing害hai的de發fa生sheng,同tong時shi也ye在zai很hen大da程cheng度du上shang改gai善shan了le水shui體ti的de養yang殖zhi條tiao件jian。在zai一yi定ding意yi義yi上shang,魚yu池chi為wei養yang鵝e提ti供gong了le清qing潔jie的de環huan境jing,也ye起qi到dao保bao健jian作zuo用yong。
二、魚、鵝綜合養殖的形式
1.塘外養鵝 zaiyutangfujindajianeshe,shewaisheedehuodongchangsuohefeishuichi。meitianjiangefenheepojiandesiliaosaoruhuodongchizhong,ranhoutongguofeishuichidezhamenbafeishuiliuruyuchi。tangwaiyangebianyuguanli,danbunengchongfenfahuiyuyuedehuliguanxi。
2.魚、鵝聯養 在(zai)魚(yu)池(chi)的(de)堤(di)埂(geng)上(shang)建(jian)鵝(e)舍(she),用(yong)部(bu)分(fen)堤(di)麵(mian)和(he)池(chi)坡(po)作(zuo)鵝(e)的(de)活(huo)動(dong)場(chang),魚(yu)池(chi)一(yi)旁(pang)用(yong)網(wang)片(pian)圍(wei)一(yi)定(ding)麵(mian)積(ji)魚(yu)池(chi)作(zuo)鵝(e)的(de)遊(you)泳(yong)場(chang),水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)拱(gong)網(wang)不(bu)拱(gong)到(dao)底(di),以(yi)供(gong)魚(yu)類(lei)從(cong)網(wang)底(di)遊(you)入(ru)攝(she)食(shi)。這(zhe)樣(yang)較(jiao)之(zhi)將(jiang)鵝(e)放(fang)在(zai)全(quan)池(chi)活(huo)動(dong)為(wei)佳(jia),因(yin)其(qi)對(dui)魚(yu)幹(gan)擾(rao)較(jiao)小(xiao),也(ye)便(bian)於(yu)管(guan)理(li),一(yi)般(ban)上(shang)網(wang)高(gao)出(chu)水(shui)麵(mian)40~50cm,下部距離水底40cm。養鵝的密度為鵝舍和活動場平均3~5隻,遊泳場2~3隻。魚、鵝聯養中鵝的配養數,主要決定於鵝的排糞量。一般1隻鵝年產糞為120~150kg,故每1/15公頃可配養50~60隻鵝。
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